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[推荐]学位英语考前经验及学习技巧(ZT)

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发表于 2005-9-28 17:27:33 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式

词汇篇

成人英语三级考试语法结构与词汇应试策略

一、大纲要求

最新《大学英语教学大纲》( 1999 )对语法的要求是: “ 巩 固和加深基本语法知识,提高在语篇水平上运用语法知识的能力。 ” 大纲》对词汇的要求是: “ 领会式掌握 3200 单词(其中复用式掌握的单词为 1500 ),以及由这些词构成的常用词组 1200 条(中学所掌握的词和词组均包括在内),并且有按照基本构词法识别生词的能力。

二、成人英语三级考试语法结构与词汇考查内容

成人英语三级考试考试对语法词汇的考查与《大纲》要求是十分一致的。综观近年来的四级考试题,我们不难发现成人英语三级考试考试语法词汇部分是这样体 现《大纲》的。

1 .语法考题的涉及面宽

近年考题曾经考到:几乎所有词类,三种动词的非谓语形式,名词从句,形容词从句,副词从句,独立主格,一致,倒装,强调等基 本语法知识。

2 .语法考试的重点突出

语法考试的重点为内容庞杂较难掌握的项目,这些项目还反复出 现如:虚拟语气,状语从句,定语从句,独立主格,情态动词。

3 .具体考查重点为以上项目中的特殊用法,不常用的情况

1 )虚拟语气的考点为: would rather + that 从句+一般过去时: It is vital / necessary / important / urgent / imperative / desirable / advisable / natural / essential + that +动词原形; It is time / abouttime / hightime + that +一般过去时: proposal / suggestion + that +动词原形; lest + that + should +动词原形; if only + that + would +动词原形。

2 )状语从句的考点为:非 if 引导的条件状语从句,此类句子多用 at times , provided , so long as , in case , once 等来替代 if ;由 evenif / so , now that , for all 等引导的让步状语从句; just / hardly…when 引导的时间状语从句; more than , as…as , not so much as , the same as , as much as 等引导的比较状语从句。

3 )独立主格结构多以逻辑主语+分词的形式出现。

4 )情态动词多与完成时形式连用。

5 )定语从句重点考查介词+关系代词( which )和 as 作为关系代词。

4 .词汇的考查重点为

1 )动词,名词与介词的搭配如: popular / patient + with ; yield / solution / adapt / transfer / access + to ; accuse / require + of ; charge + for ; under + discussion 等等。

2 )习惯用法如: confess to / set about / be used to + doing ; be supposed to / have / make sb .+ do 等。

3 )由同一动词构成的短语如: come , go , set , break 等构成的短 语。

4 )单个的动词,抽象名词,形容词和副词多以近义词、同义词的 形式出现。

5 )介词短语在句中作状语如: in terms of ; with the exception of ; in vain 等,另外还应注意 rather than , other than , suchas , none / nothing + but 等词在考题中的出现。

5 .近年来考题中的新趋势为:若干考点混合出现:一些交际用语 也时常出现在考题中。

三、复习思路

1 .全面掌握基本语法点,重点记住各个项目中的 “ 偏,特,难 ” 点

2 .掌握常用习惯用法和词组

3 .注意在阅读中培养语感,因为在语篇层次上培养的语感往往可以直接帮助答题

4 .研究以往考试试题,适当做些练习记住典型题例

四、词汇题答题技巧

由于《大纲》强调要在语篇层次上解决语法与词汇问题,所以四成人英语三级考试的这部分试题也很少是单个的句子,大多为并列句或复合句,因此我们也应学会根据语篇知识来掌握答题技巧,尤其是要注意句子之间的解释、对比、转折、因果等关系。

1 .利用动词词组中的介词或副词确定正确选项

命题人员想考查考生是否掌握了某一动词词组的用法,在设计四个选项时,有时会让一个动词出现在四个选项中,只是后边的介词或副词不一样。在做这一类题时,如果我们认识某一词组,根据自己的判断毫不犹豫地选择你认为是正确的选项。如果不认识或拿不准词组的意义,我们可以根据上下文以及动词后边的介词或副词进行推导。

1 ) Having decided to rent a flat , we __ contacting all the accommodation agencies in the city 。

A ) set about B ) set down C ) set out D ) set up

本题的答案为 A )。本句前边说 “ 已经决定租房,我们联系房屋中介商 ……” 这里需要填 “ 开始 ” 的意思。从动词后的 4 个介词来说,只有 about 有表示 “ 将来 ” ( be about )的意思,所以 A 为正确答案。需顺便补充的是, set about 结构中, about 是介词,因此它后面如果跟动词,需要用动词的- ing 形式。

2 ) When he realized the police had spotted him , the man __ the exit as quickly as possible .

A ) made off B ) made for C ) made out D ) made up

本题的答案为 B )。这里空格处要填的是表示 “ 走向 ” 之意,这里只有 “for” 表示在同一水平线上 “ 向 …… 方向 ” 。注意,句中有 exit 一词,表示 the man 是在一建筑物内,所以不可能用 out the exit (注意上下文),而且 out 是一个副词,后面接名词时需要有介词 of ,所以正确选项是 B )而不是 C )。

2 .利用动词词组中的动词确定选项

有些题的四个选项中的介词或副词一样,而动词不同,这时我们就可以利用动词的区别来确定正确选项,如下例:

If you __ the bottle and cigarettes , you'll be much healthier .

A ) take off B ) keep off C ) get off D ) set off

本题答案为 B )。 keep 与 off 合在一起是 “ 与 …… 保持距离,远离 ……” 的意思,根据句义 “ 如果你不喝酒(这里 bottle 代指酒)、吸烟,你就会更健康 ” ,正确选项为 B )。

3 .释义参照型+近义词

由于句子之间语义的关联,句中一部分有时对另一部分构成解释关系,我们可以根据已经明示的部分来确定选项。

1 ) The medicine is on sale everywhere . You can get it at __ chemist's .

A ) each B ) some C ) certain D ) any

正确选项为 D )。本题中前一句中的 everywhere 就决定了第二句中的空格处填( at ) any ( chemist's )。

2 ) The manager spoke highly of such __ as loyalty , courage and truthfulness shown by his employees .

A ) virtues B ) features C ) properties D ) characteristics

正确选项为 A )。本句中 as 后面的名词 loyalty (忠诚), courage (勇气), truthfulness (实事求是)是对空格处名词进行的解释。本句中的 3 个名词归纳起来都属于人应当具有的 “ 美德 ” ,所以本题的答案为 A )

8 .根据词的同现确定正确选择项

同现即同一组词总会出现在同一个语义场中。考试题中出现的同 现现象主要是动词与名词的同现、形容词与名词的同现、名词与名词 的同现。

1 ) The government is trying to go something to __ better understanding between the two countries .

A ) raise B ) promote C ) heighten D ) increase

正确选项是 B )。 better 和空格处的内容属动词和名词的重现。 4 个选项中只有 B ) promote 才能和 better understanding 搭配,表示 “ 促进 ” 的意思。

2 ) John Dewey believed that education should be a preparation for life , that a person learns by doing , and that teaching must __ the curiosity and creativity of children .

A ) seek B ) stimulate C ) shape D ) secure

正确选项是 B )。所给 4 个选项中只有 B ) stimulate 才能和 curiosity 和 creativity 同现,表示 “ 激励,激发 ” 的意思。

3 ) Remember that customers don’t __ about prices in that city .

A ) debate B ) consult C ) dispute D ) bargain

正确选项是 D )。本句中 customers , prices 和选项中的 bargain 可 以出现在同一语义场中。 bargain about 短语意思是:就 …… 讨价还价。

[此贴子已经被阿虎于2006-2-10 19:55:45编辑过]
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 楼主| 发表于 2005-9-28 17:28:39 | 显示全部楼层

在成人英语三级测试的 “词汇与结构”一题中,考查主语和谓语一致关系的试题居多。所以主谓一致是各类一致关系中应该重点掌握的内容。现代英语主谓一致大致要遵循以下三条原则:1)语法一致原则。主语是单数,谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数,谓语动词用复数形式。

【例如】

My friend has no intention of going shopping with me.

My friends have no intention of going shopping with me.

2)意义一致原则。主语和谓语的一致不是由主语的语法形式来决定,而是由主语所表达的意义决定。

【例如】

The class are busying writing English passages.

The United States is a developed country which has advanced science and technology.

带有复数词尾的学科名称、国家等在意义是表示单数概念,用单数动词。

3)就近原则。谓语动词的单、复数取决于最靠近它的主语。由either....or, neither....nor, not only....but also连接或由here, there等引导的句子,谓语动词遵循这一原则。

【例如】 Neither my friends nor I was able to persuade him to accept our advice.

Either he or she has broken the window, for there is no one else there.

There is a teacher and fifty students in the classroom.

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 楼主| 发表于 2005-9-28 17:30:47 | 显示全部楼层

一、 非谓语动词

近几年的语法测试中非谓语动词约占 31.1% ,平均每年近 5 道题,可谓是语法项目考查的重点,那么非谓语动词的考查都有哪些特点,解答时又应注意些什么呢?下面我和大家就一起来分析一下:

1 、非谓语动词考查特点

1) 谓语动词与非谓语动词的判断

对谓语动词与非谓语动词区别的考查主要集中在独立主格结构,如:

All things ___ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.

A. had been canceled B. have been canceled

C. were canceled D. having been canceled

四个选项中有三个是谓语动词,只有 D 是非谓语动词,只要同学们能判断出这里是非谓语动词做状语,则不用考虑时态的问题,答案自明。

2) 谓语动词后不定式与动名词的选择

谓语动词后接不定式还是接动名词也是三级语法测试中的一个题眼。如:

① I don't mind ____ the decision as long as it is not too late.

A. you to delay making B. your delaying making

C. your delaying to make D. you delay to make

② Had I remembered ____ the windows, the thief would not have got

in.

A. to close B. closing

C. to have closed D. having closed

③ Your hair wants ______ . You'd better have it done tomorrow.

A. cut B. to cut C. cutting D. being cut

这类题涉及三个方面:

谓语动词后应该接不定式还是动名词?

即可接不定式又可接动名词时,结构和意思上有何差别?

不定式与动名词用主动形式还是用被动形式?

3) 做定语的非谓语动词的选择

从近几年的考查情况来看,对做定语的非谓语动词的考查有两种情况:

(1) 对一般概念的考查,而不是固定结构中的非谓语动词做定语。如:

① The project ____ by the end of 2000, will expand the city's

telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.

A. accomplished B. being accomplished

C. to be accomplished D. having been accomplished

② If I correct someone, I will do it with so much good humor and

self-restraint as if I were the one ______.

A. to correct B. correcting

C. having been corrected D. being corrected

同学们只要掌握非谓语动词做定语的一般的规律 , 就可以判断 ① 题答案为 C , ② 题答案为 D 。

(2) 对固定结构的考查,如:

① The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _____ his

arguments in favor of the new theory.

A. to be based on B. to base on

C. which to base on D. on which to base

② The pressure _____ causes Americans to be energetic, but it

also puts them under a constant emotional strain.

A. to compete B. competing

C. to be competed D. having competed

① 题为不定式做定语的固定形式,答案为 D , ② 题为某些特定名词的定语结构,答案为 A 。在英语中有些名词,如动词变来的名词,形容词变来的名词,以及 means, way, time, moment, reason 等要求其后用不定式做定语,不定式没有体的变化。

4) 做状语的非谓语动词的选择

做状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的选择,如:

① ______ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would

fall off the edge of the earth.

A. Having believed B. Believing

C. Believed D. Being Believed

② _______ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at

least a master's degree.

A. To become B. Become C. One becomes D. On becoming

③ Realizing that he hadn't enough money and ____ to borrow from

his father, he decided to sell his watch.

A. not wanted B. no to want C. not wanting D. wanting not

④ ___ it or not, his discovery has created a stir in scientific

circles.

A. Believe B. To believe C. Believing D. Believed

从以上各题来看,考查的侧重点有:

(1) 状语类别的判断

不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同,目的状语要求用不定式,如 ② 。

(2) 非谓语动词与句子属于之间的逻辑关系

根据主谓关系或动宾关系的不同来确定用现在分词还是用过去分词。

(3) 非谓语动词的否定形式

not 否定非谓语动词时置于非谓语动词之前,如 ③ 。

(4) 独立成分

有些非谓语动词的使用不受与句子主语关系的限制,称为独立成分,这类成 分只记忆即可。如 :

generally speaking, judging from..., to tell the truth..., 等。

5) 做补足语的非谓语动词的选择

做宾语补足语的非谓语动词受谓语动词的限制,不同动词后的宾语补足语形式要求不同。近几年对各类宾补都有考查。如:

① They are going to have the service man ____ an electric fan in

the office tomorrow.

A. install B. to install C. to be installed D. installed

② After a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory

dispute ______.

A. being settled B. to be settled

C. had settled D. as settled

③ You will see this product ____ wherever you go.

A. to be advertised B. advertised

C. advertise D. advertising

④ His remarks left me _____ about his real purpose.

A. wondered B. wonder C. to wonder D. wondering

⑤ When I caught him ______ me I stopped buying things there and

started dealing with another shop.

A. cheating B. cheat C. to cheat D. to be cheating

⑥ The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the

audience _____ on benches, chairs or boxes.

A. having seated B. seating C. seated D. having been seated

考查涉及到

感官动词后的宾语补足语,如 ③ 。

have, make, let, leave 等特殊单词后的宾语补足语。

regard 类后面的宾语补足语

with 独立分句后面的

常用动词后面的宾语补足语。

6) 做表语的非谓语动词的选择

表语的考查多侧重于分词做表语形式的选择,很少有动名词的用法的考查,虽然选项中有不定式作为干扰项,只要能看出是做表语的也就不用考虑。如:

① The house was very quiet, ____ as it was on the side of the

mountain.

A. isolated B. isolating

C. being isolated D. having been isolated

② These surveys indicate that many crimes go _____ by the police,

mainly because not all victims report them.

A. unrecorded B. to be unrecorded

C. unrecording D. to have been unrecorded

分词做表语可以做系动词 be 的表语,也可以做其它系动词的表语,如 go, feel,seem, look, remain 等等。这些系动词后非谓语动词的饿用法规则是相同的。

7) to 作为介词与作为不定式符号的选择

to 可以是介词,也可以用来引导不定式,三级考试中对种类用法的考查也比较多。如:

① I have no objection _______ your story again.

A. to hear B. to hearing

C. to having heard D. to have heard

② The traditional approach ____ with complex problems is to break

down into smaller, more easily managed problems.

A. to dealing B. in dealing C. dealing D. to deal

③ The man in the corner confessed to _____ a lie to the manager

of the company. (1997.6)

A. have told B. be told C. being told D. having told

这类考题的考查方式有两种,一是四个选项中有两个相对的选项 to do something 和 to doing something ,这时考查的自然是 to 的性质;另一种是 to 在题干中,如 ③ 。

8) 分词前连词的使用

分词前连词的使用是为了使分词的作用更加明了,使考生更加准确地理解试题。考查有两种情况

(1) 根据连词选择适当的分词形式

Michael used to look hurt and surprised when ______.

A. scolding B. to scold C. having scolded D. scolded

when 的使用说明非谓语动词做时间状语,答案不可能是 B ,从 scold 与句子主语间的逻辑关系来看,应该是动宾关系,答案应该是 D 。

(2) 根据状语的功能选择不同的连词

Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of

patient do not take drugs ___ directed.

A. like B. so C. which D. as

由上下文的意思可以看出,分词所做的是方式状语,连词应该是 as 。

9) 非谓语动词的体

非谓语动词中分词的体有完成体和进行体,即 having done, having been done 和 being done ,完成体只用于做状语的场合,而进行体可以用于做定语和做补足语。

动名词的体也有 having done, having been done 和 being done 的结构主要用于做主语和宾语的场合。

不定式的体有 to be doing 和 to have done ,主要用于 pretend, happen, seem, appear, be said to 等结构中。如:

① The man in the corner confessed to _____ a lie to the manager

of the company.

A. have told B. be told C. being told D. having told

having told 在句中做介词宾语,表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。

② I'd rather read than watch television; the programs seem ____

all the time.

A. to get worse B. to be getting worse

C. to have got worse D. getting worse

从 all the time 的使用可以推断 get worse 是一个渐变过程,所以用不定式的进行体。

③ The speech _____ a lively discussion started.

A. being delivered B. was delivered

C. be delivered D. having been delivered

该结构属于独立主格结构做时间状语,状语分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前,所以应该用完成体,答案为 D 。

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 楼主| 发表于 2005-9-28 17:32:31 | 显示全部楼层

大学英语三级考试大纲指出 : 阅读理解部分考试时间为 35 分钟 , 共 20 题 . 要求考生阅读若干篇短文 , 总词汇量 800 词左右 .

一、分析文章的结构规律

一般来说,我们阅读文章的目的是为了获取信息。文章体裁不同,其结构特点就会各异。因此,我们获取信息的最有效方法之一就是去学习和了解文章的结构,以便更加准确、快速地定位我们要找的信息。

大学英语四级考试中的阅读理解文章的体裁主要有三类:叙述文、说明文和议论文。

1 、叙述文

叙述文一般以讲述个人生活经历为主,对于经历的陈述通常由一定的时间概念贯穿其中,或顺序或倒序。但是四级考试中一般不出现单纯的叙述文,因为单纯的叙述文比较简单、易懂。所以三级考试中的叙述文大多是夹叙夹议的文章。这类文章的基本结构模式是:

1) 用一段概括性的话引入要叙述的经历 ( 话题 )

2) 叙述先前的经历 ( 举例 1) 及其感悟或发现

3) 叙述接下来的经历 ( 举例 2) 及其感悟或发现

4) 做出总结或结论

2 、说明文(描述文)

说明文的一般结构模式和叙述文的结构模式有相通之处即:提出问题(或以一个事例引出问题) ---- (专家)发现直接原因 ----- 分析深层原因 ----- 得出结论或找到出路。 知道了类似的文章结构特点,就可以据此来进行考题预测。比如,我们看出了该篇文章属于这种结构类型,就能判断出几个问题中肯定有一个要问原因,还有可能要出现推断题。

3 、议论文

我们大家最容易辨认出来的议论文模式是主张 --- 反主张模式。在这一模式中,作者首先提出一种普遍认可的观点或某些人认可的主张或观点,然后进行澄清,说明自己的主张或观点,或者说提出反主张或真实情况。 议论文的这种结构特点决定了它的主要题型是作者观点态度题,文章主旨题以及推理判断题。只要发现了这种结构特点,解答问题的主要任务就变成了到段落内找答案, 基本上不存在任何困难。

通过研究以上的文章结构特点,我们不难发现,在三级考试阅读理解中无论任何体裁的文章都遵循着这样一个共同的模式:提出话题(观点或事例) ---- 用事例分析原因 ( 或批驳观点 )------ 得出结论。 对文章结构特点的把握有助于读者更加自觉地关注文章的开始和结尾,分清观点和事例,从而在四级考试的阅读理解中准确定位,快速答题。

二、 巧妙绕开生词

我们这里所说的巧妙绕开生词的方法和上面分析文章结构特点的思路是统一的,也就是说,只要我们从总体上把握了文章,不用认识每一个单词也能照样理解整篇文章。

1 、英语文章中不是所有的词的功能都是同等的,有些词担负着传达主要信息的功能,而有些词主要起语法作用或者它所传达的信息和下文的其他信息没有联系。这类词有:表示人名,地名,机构名等专有名词。遇到这些词,只要我们能辨认出它是专有名词,就能理解文章而不必知道它的意思。比如在下面的句子中: "In fact", says David Dinges, a sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine,"there's even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep." 两个引号之间的部分就不必去管它。类似的还有: " We have to totally change our attitude toward napping," says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University,the godfather of sleep research.

2 、我们不用弄清上面某些部分的原因是,它们的后面往往有一个同位语来解释说明它们的意思。这就引起了我们不用弄懂所有单词意思的第二个理由。也就是说如果我们对文章中的某一个单词不熟悉,我们还可以根据统一篇文章中的其他信息来帮助判断。这类信息有:同位语、下定义、解释、举例、同义词、反义词、上下义词以及标点符号(如破折号、冒号都表示解释和说明)等。

三、 抓住句子的主干

我们要实现快速准确理解文章除了要抓住关键句子外,还要抓住句子当中的关键成分。主要是句子的主干,如主语、谓语和宾语,因为它们是传达信息的主要载体,其他成分,不论它有多么长,多么复杂它都是辅助成分。比如在下面的句子中: Another element in the emergence of prodigies( 神童 ),I found , is a society that values excellence in a certain field and is able nurture talent. 只要我们抓住了 Element is society. 就可以得知社会是神童出现的一个因素。

我们在今天这一讲中要说明的核心问题是,我们阅读英语文章时,一定要有一个全局观念,从宏观上来把握文章,做到了这一点,我们面对各类文章的各类题型都能够从容应对。

四、 抓住 " 第三词汇 "

语法中的功能词对理解句子十分重要,同样文章中那些起组织作用的实义词对理解文章也是非常重要的,因为掌握了它们就可以大大增强阅读理解中的预知下文的能力。我们把这些词称做 " 第三词汇 " (区别于仅起语法作用的功能词和一般实义词)。抓住了它们,就抓住了文章的核心意思。这类词有很多,其中最常见的有:

achieve, addition, attribute, cause, change, consequence, deny, effect, explanation, fact, form, grounds, instance, kind, manner, matter, mathod, opposite, point, problem, reason, respect, result, same, situation, thing, way.

另外,有人认为 " 第三词汇 " 主要是一些 " 照应名词 " ,其中包括:

abstraction, approach, belief, classification, doctrine, dogma, evaluation, evidence, insight, investigation, illusion, notion, opinion, position, supposition, thery, viewpoint 等等。

还有人针对某一文章类型总结出一些 " 第三词汇 " 。比如:在 " 问题 --- 解决 " 文章模式中,这些 " 第三词汇 " 就更加固定和明确。它们有:

问题: concern, difficulty, dilemma, drawback, hamper, hinder(hindrance), obstacle, problem, snag 等。

反应: change, combat(v), come up with, develop, find, measure, respond, response 等

解决或结果: answer, consequence, effect, outcome, result, solution, (re)solve 等。

评价:( in ) effect, manage, overcome, succeed, (un)successful, viable, work(v.)

聚集于 " 主张 --- 反主张 " 文章结构模式中的该类词汇有: claim, state, truth, false, in fact, in reality, believe 等等。

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 楼主| 发表于 2005-9-28 17:33:41 | 显示全部楼层

技巧一

关于作者的态度类问题( Attitude )

阅读理解的最后一题常常提问在作者对文章中某一问题的态度( Attitude )、全文的基调( Tone )、文章的出处( Source )及对文章前后接续内容的判断等。

关于态度或基调( Attitude/Tone )类题的回答应从篇章的体裁着手,一般来说,在说明文中作者的态度是客观的 (objective) 或中立的 (neutral) ;而在议论文中,作者的观点才会显得多种多样,常风的选项有:

( 1 ) positive (积极的)

( 2 ) negative (消极的)

( 3 ) neutral (中立的)

( 4 ) approval (赞成的)

( 5 ) disapproval (不赞成的)

( 6 ) indifferent (漠不关心的)

( 7 ) sarcastic (讽刺的)

( 8 ) critical (批评的)

( 9 ) optimistic (乐观的)

( 10 ) pessimistic (悲观的)

下而引类 问题的几种提问方式:

(1)What's the writer's attitude to …?

(2)What's the tone of the passage?

(3)The author's view is _______

(4)The writer's attitude of .this passage is apparently _________-

(5)The author suggests that _________

(6)According to author __________

有文章中,作者观点明确,文章基调清楚,而有的文章中,作者仅仅暗示对某一问题的态度和观点,需要阅读时仔细琢磨。解答这类问题时,首先应请注意篇章中起连接手段作用的那些词语;其次应注意有些表明作者观点词汇,如形容词、动词等。

对文章的出处及文章前后接续内容判断等可从全篇着手,从个别句子或词汇找线索进行判断。

Example :

I am not so na?ve ,however ,as to believe that sex is responsible for this unfortunate situation of the American woman. I am not a feminist , but I am an individualist. I do not believe there is any important difference between men and women. certainly not as much as there may be between one woman and another or one man and an-other. There are plenty of women and men, for that matter who would be completely fulfilled in being allowed to be as lazy as possible. If someone will ensconce them in a pleasant home and pay their bills, they ask no more of life. It is quite all right for these men and women to live thus so long as fools can be found who will pay so much for nothing much in return. Gigolos , male and female, are to be found in every class and in the best of homes. But when a man does not want to be a gigolo, he has the freedom to go out and work and create as well as he can. But a woman has not. Even if her individual husband lets her, tradition in society is against her. In this passage the author looks on the situation of women with an attitude of .

A) amusement

B) indifference

C) disapproval

C) condemnation

此篇文章中,作者对待这一问题的态度十分明确、强硬(如用语 I am not 等等),因此只参在选项 C )和 D )中选择。而从文章中的 "gigolos",'fools' 等词可看出作者不仅不赞成而且态度更甚。所以,选项 C )程度还不够,这一题的正确答案是 D )

技巧二——怎样回答阅读理解中的词汇问题

关于词汇问题( Vocabu1ary )

词汇( Vocabulary )是四级阅读理解测试中非常重要的一项。词汇类其实也是就细节进行提问,所不同的是这是唯一关于词或词组的练习项目,词汇题往往要求对文章中的某个单词、短语甚至句子等找出近义词或最合适的解释。解答这类题需要学生拥有较大的词汇量。可是,单词记忆似乎已成为学生普遍反映最头痛的难题。阅读理解中词汇类问题的常见提问方式有下列几种:

(1)According to the author ,the word "…"means_______.

(2)Which of the following is nearest in meaning to "…"?

(3)The term ".."in paragraph… can be best replaced by ….

(4)What's the meaning of "…"in line …of paragraph….?

(5)As used in the line …, the word "…"refers to _______.

一般来说,在文章的阅读中解决释义的最邓办法是猜测词义。猜测词义也需要一定的技巧,可以通过 1) 上下文间意义的联系; 2 )同义关系,反义关系; 3 )词的定义; 4 )对词的解释和举例; 5 )构词法知识猜测词义。

1. 利用上下文词语意义的互相联系猜测词义

Example :

The fishermen make their canoes from tree trunks .They go from island to island in these light marrow boats and collect turtles' eggs

我们从上下文中可以得出以下信息: "canoes" 是一种渔夫用树木做的、来回于岛屿之间的、轻狭长的、类似于小船之类的东西。尽管我们可能还不能肯定它的确切解释,但这一生词已经不会影响我们的阅读和理解了。

Example :

Jogging has become very popular in some countries ,It is believed to be a good exercise for old people .

"Jogging" 的意思通过 "a good exercise for old people " 可以推断出是一种适合老年人的剧烈的运动方式。

2. 利用文章中词与词的同义和反义关系猜测词义

Example :

If you happened to be sitting in the woods outside the city ,you might have witnessed a strange sight . You would have seen a very proud looking man riding along horseback , saying something

在文章中可以很容易地判断出 "witnesss" 的同义关系词是 "seen", 因此 "witness" 就是看见的意思。

Example :

In the northern regions the winters are generally cold and humid ,and the summers hot and dry .

显然,冬天和夏天的气候是截然相反的,它们的修饰词的意思也应该截然相反。 "cold" 与 "hot" 对应, "humid" 与 "dry" 对应。因此, "humid" 是 " 潮湿 "  意思。

3. 利用文章中对词的定义猜测词义

Example?/p>

Such experiences are not unusual for the amateur conchologists, people who collect shells.

Conchologists 的意思可以根据该词后面的同位解释 "people who collect shells" 理解为收集贝壳的人或贝壳收藏家。

Example :

Jack is now a florist, who keeps a shop for selling flowers in our district.

"florist" 的意思就是其后定语从句 "who keeps a shop for selling flowers 所描述的 " 拥有一家专门卖花的商店的人 " ,即 " 花店主 "

4. 利用文章中对词的举例及解释猜 测词义

Example :

Today young couples who are just starting their households of ten spend lots of their money on appliances ,for instance ,washing machines , refrigerators and color TVs.

通过所举的例子( washing machines ,refrigerators and color TVs )

可以看出, "appliances" 应是这些名词的总称,即 " 家用电器 " 。

Example :

Finally the enemy surrendered .They threw down their weapons and walked out of the home with their hands over their heads

通过后一句对 "surrendered" 的解释:扔掉武器( throw down their weapons ) , 举起双手( with their hands over heads )可知其意是 " 投降 "

5. 利用构词法知识(前缀和后缀)猜测词义

Example :

They overestimate the interviewee's ability and asked him many difficult questions

"estimate" 是 " 估计 " 的意思, "over - " 是前缀,意为 " 过分,过度,超 过 " 等,因此 "overestimate" 就是 " 高估 " 的意思 。

Example :

We were told that ours was the most spacious room in the hotel .That was why we had to pay so much for it .

"spacious" 是由 "space( 名词,空间 )" + " +- ious( 形容词后缀  " 变化而来的,因此,可猜测其词义为 " 宽敞 " 。

各种各样的前、后缀可以构成名词、形容词、动词、副词等,这些词缀需要平时不断地积累和记忆。掌握构词法知识是扩大词汇量和猜测生词词义的最佳办法。

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 楼主| 发表于 2005-9-28 17:37:53 | 显示全部楼层
怎样回答阅读理解中的推理性问题

关于推理性问题( Inference )

推理性问题与细节性问题相似,也是对文章具体内容的判断。但推理不但要求掌握文章所表达的字面含义,还要掌握一定的逻辑判断能力及写作技巧知识,从文章表面推出更深层含义,这部分往往出题分量大,难度大,出错也最多,归根结底还是对文章内

容没有做到真正的理解和掌握。

Inference 类问题主要包括 Significance 和 Communication Techniques 两大类。

1. Significance

文字表面往往没有明显反映作者的全部意图,有些含义需要读者从字里行间去体会,靠自己的逻辑推理能力去判断,从上下文的联贯及文中有关部分的暗示去明析作者隐含的意思。这类问题的命题方式有:

(1)The writer implies but not directly states that__________-.

(2) It can be inferred from the passage that_________.

(3) The author strongly suggests that__________ .

(4) It can be concluded from the passage that________.

(5) The passage is intended to__________ .

(6)The writer indicates that__________ .

Example

Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care possible. If we were to solve the nursing shortage, hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel's example

At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health ac-count that covers everything from his medical history to his emotion-al state. Then she writes a care plan centered on the patient's illness but which also includes everything else that is necessary.

The primary nurse stays with the patient through his hospitalization, keeping track with his progress and seeking further advice from his doctor. If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment , it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague.

Nursing at Beth Israel also involves a decentralized ( 分散的 )nursing administration; every floor, every unit is a self-contained organization. There are nurse managers instead of head nurses,` in addition to their medical duties they do all their own hiring and dismissing, employee advising, and they make salary recommendations. Each unit's nurse decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when.

Beth Israel's nurse-in-chief ranks as an equal with other vice presidents of the hospital. She also is a member of the Medical Executive Committee, which in most hospitals includes only doctors.

It can be inferred from the passage that__________.

A ) compared with other hospitals nurses at Beth Israel Hospital are more patient .

B)in most hospitals nurses get low salaries

C ) in most hospitals nurses get low salaries

D) compared with other hospitals nurses have to work longer hour at Beth Israel Hospital

本题要求考生判断 4 个选项中哪一个是根据文章可以推断出的结论,要求考生根据文章内容作出合理的推断。从本题所提供的 4 个选项来看,文章并未谈及护士的 " 耐心 " ( A ) ; 也未谈及护士的 " 工资待遇 " ( Q ),只是说到护士的工资提升要由各科室推荐;更未涉及护士的 " 工作时间长短 " ( D )),文章的第一段最后一句才是得出正确答案的依据,这句的意思是: " 如果我们确要解决护理工作不足的问题,那么各地医院的行政部门和医生最好还是效法一下 Beth Israel 医院 " ,主句的虚拟语气也说明这一点:迄今为止还未做到。由此可以推断: ① 护理不充分是一个应该解决的问题; ② 这个问题普遍存在,否则就没有必要要求各地医院行政部门和医生效法这家医院的做法。因此本题的正确答案为 B) ,本题属于局域型问题的间接性问题,这类问题是考生出错最多的题型。在做这类问题时,切忌从篇章的个别句子中寻找答案,而应把目光放在全篇的理解上:作者写这篇文章的目的是什么,针对什么问题,如何解决等。有许多考生可能都有这种体验:有的问题,第一遍阅读时做对了,第二遍再细读后,又改错了。这就是因为他们在读第二遍时注意了对篇章的个别句于的推敲,而忽视了整篇文章的大意。

2 . Communication Techniques

文章中的每一句话都有它的作用和目的,都是为作者的写作而服务的。有的是下层意思的铺垫,有的是上旬话的结果,互相衬托,互相联系。四级阅读中常常就技巧性问题提问,测试读者对文章是否正确理解。这类题的命题方式有:

(1)The fact . . . is mentioned by the author to show _________.

(2)The author achieves his purpose by depending mainly upon

(3)The writer talks about . . . in order io_________ .

(4) In discussing . . . , the author ._________

(5)The author's statement about . . . is a . . . for . . .

Example :

If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are al-ways taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear. Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste. Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Skirts are lengthened or shortened, `necklines are lowered or raised, and so on.

No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes any thing really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability. They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn't at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high- heeled shoes .

When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women's clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide .To the writer, the fact that women alter their old-fashioned dresses is seen as_________ .

A) a waste of money

B) waste of time

C) an expression of taste

本题问题是:女士们把过了时的衣服改来改去,在作者看来是 " 浪费金钱 " ( A ));是 " (女士对服装的)喜好(品味)的表现 " ( C ));是 " (女士们)创造性的表现 " ( D ));还是 (B)) 所说的 " 浪费时间 " 。根据第二段所说的 "waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have 。 " ( Para 。 2 , Line 4 ~ 5 ,答案应选 B )

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 楼主| 发表于 2005-9-28 17:38:40 | 显示全部楼层
怎样回答阅读理解中的细节性问题

关于细节性问题( Suppporting Details ) 细节性问题是关于 Supporting Details 类的问题,通过 Skimming 找出主题后,应进一步掌握阐述和发展主题的主要事实,或按要求找出特定细节。 在回答此类问题时,应采用查读法( Scanning ),因为这些具体内容( Detai1s 是用来说明、论证或分析文章中心的。这类题目常以 "WH-" 形式来提问,如 who , what , when , where , why 及 how 等形式。这些问题的表达常不采用文章中的原话提问,而是使用同义词语等,因此,在选择答案前应首先看准题于,看清问题所问;

究竟;然后,在查读时注意寻找与题目相关的关键词语;最后,在充分理解原文、原题的基础上确定正确答案。

当然,这类细节性问题所涉及的面是很广的。有的涉及数字计算,如问时间、距离、次数、数量等,认真计算后方可选定正确答案;有的涉及正误判断,要先看选项,根据选项提供的线索,寻视文中相应部分,最后在题中选出肯定答案;还有的寻问事实、原因、结果、目的等。总之,做细节题切忌通过自己对某类知识的主观了解和认识做出想像判断,一定要紧扣文章内容,不可随心所欲。

细节类问题的命题方式有以下几种:

(1)Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage?

(2) Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?

(3) What is the example of . . . as described in the passage?

(4) The author mentions all of the following except . . .

(5) The reason for . . .is . . .

(6) The author states that . . .

(7) According to the passage, when (where, why, how, who, etc. ) ...

Example :

Just seven years ago, the Jarvik-7 artificial heart was being cheered as the model of human creativeness. The sight of Barney Clark-alive and conscious after trading his diseased heart for met-al-and-plastic pump -convinced the press, the public and many doctors that the future had arrived. It hadn't. After monitoring production of the Jarvik-7 , and reviewing its effects on the 150 or so patients (most of whom got the device as a temporary measure) the U. S. Food and Drug Administration concluded that the machine was doing more to endanger lives than to save them. Last week the agency cancelled its earlier approval , effectively banning ( 禁止 ) the device .

The recall may hurt Symbion Inc. , maker of the Jarvik-7 , but it won't end the request for an artificial heart. One problem with the banned model is that the tubes connecting it to an external power source created a passage infection. Inventors are now working on new devices that would be fully placed, along with a tiny power pack, in the patient's chest. The first sample products aren't expected for another 10 or 20 years. But some people are already worrying that they'11 work- and that America's overextended healthcare programs Will lose a precious $ 2.5 billion to $ 5 billion a year providing them for a relatively few dying patients. If such expenditures( 开支 )cut into funding for more basic care , the net effect could actually be a decline in the nation's health. According to the passage the Jarvik-7 artificial heart proved to be ________.

A ) a technical failure

B ) a technical wonder

C ) a good life-saver

D ) an effective means to treat heart disease

本题是考核学生根据止下文全面理解和进行正确判断的能力,问的是本文论述的 Jarvik-7 人造心脏性能和效果到底如何。文章一开头说 Jarvik-7 是一大技术成就,但文章说到: …the .U.S. Food and Drug Administration concluded that the machine was doing more to endanger lives than to save them (Line -7-9). 后面又提到: Last week the agency canceled its earlier approval , effectively banning the device. 这两句话提供了这个问题的答案。因此,答案:

The new models of artificial hearts are expected_______.

A ) to have a working life of 10 or 20 years

B ) to be set fully in the patient's chest

C ) to be equipped with an external power source

D ) to create a new passage for infection

本题是考核正确理解事实细节的能力。选项已的意思与文章中第二段第三句,即 "Inventors are now working…in the patient's chest . " 的意思符合,因此选项 B )是答案。

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 楼主| 发表于 2005-9-28 17:42:15 | 显示全部楼层
完型填空测试特点和应试策略

完形填空是考查语言知识和语篇水平的综合测试方式 , 是在一篇题材熟悉 . 难度中等的短文中留 20 个空白 , 每个空白为一题 , 每题共有四个选项。要求考生具有一定的阅读理解能力,扎实的语法知识,同时对各类词法、句法、上下文逻辑关系、语义搭配以及写作技巧等还需具有较强的运用能力。选择完形填空与单句选择填空在形式上相似,但考查的内容却包括词汇、语法、阅读和写作等各方面的应用能力。

一、完形填空与其它测试手段之间的关系

1 .完形填空与词汇、语法填空

大学英语三级考试完形填空所采用的形式与词汇语法选择填空的形式是一致的。在测试要点上,完形填空与词汇语法选择填空也有很大相似之处,如单词的基本用法、同义词近义词辨别、常用句型、各种从句、谓语动词的时态、语态、语气、以及非谓语动词的用法等等 . 完形填空中对词汇,语法的考查,其干扰项的设计与单项填空基本类似,但完形填空对上下文的依赖性更强。这就要求同学们不只是了解词汇和语法知识,同时还必须具备一定的阅读理解能力,对上下文的正确理解是完形填空的关键。

2 .完形填空与阅读理解

完形填空是根据对文章的理解,依据一定的语言语篇知识将句子中所缺部分补全,使句子正确,使文章通顺连贯。虽然完形填空并没有对文章的主题拟定、细节判断和事情因果推理的考查题,但同样要求考生能把握文章的主题,同样必须理解文章的细节,进行必要的推理、判断。只有在正确理解文章的基础上,才能根据意思的需要,补足缺少的部分。 正确理解全文是做好完形填空的前提,但仅靠理解能力是不够的。完形填空最终考查的是正确表达思想的能力。也就是说,做好完形填空还需要一定的写作能力。

3 .完形填空与写作

完形填空是使考生通过阅读有空缺的短文,利用自己的语言、语篇等方面的知识使短文的结构和意思恢复完整。阅读使考生获取对短文信息的了解,写作则帮助考生恢复短文结构和意思的完整性。

不同的体裁,不同的主题,其语段写作模式不同,有举例、有列举、有比较对照、有因果分析。根据语段的结构模式把握短文写作的思路,预测文章的发展,从而为解题找出依据。

写作的基本原则是:文章结构完整、内容统一、语意连贯、语言简洁,其中词语的同现、复现手段以及衔接语的使用,是文章结构得以完整、语意得以连贯、逻辑得以明了的主要手段,而完形填空中对此也有相当部分的考查。 衔接的手法很多,它们是文章必不可少的纽带,同时也是完形填空常常考查的题点。掌握应有的写作技能将有助于完形填空能力的提高。

二、大学英语四级完形填空测试要点

从干扰项的设计来看,近几年完形填空大体有以下特点 :

1 .搭配题

( 1 )名词与介词的搭配,

( 2 )形容词和介词的搭配

( 3 )动词与介词的搭配,

( 4 )动词和名词的搭配,

( 5 )副词与分词的搭配,

这些都是常用的固定搭配 , 考生只要平时多加注意,在考试中便可轻松应对。

2 .短语

另外一类比较简单的选项为短语,这些也大都是约定俗成的,

3 .上下文线索

名词、动词、形容词的选择题中,大多情况下是四个选项没有任何联系,语义差别也比较大,选择时需根据上下文进行语意方面的判断,多数情况下,上下文中有同现和复现现象,考生应注意利用这些提示。

三、完形填空解题技巧

(一)注意词汇知识的运用

完形填空中对词的考查以实词为主,如形容词、动词、副词等。其中有相当一部分词汇题中各个选项之间并无大的联系。这类题要求考生应从上下文的语义入手,根据各选项单词的意思和结构进行选择。

1 .注意动词自身的结构功能

对动词来说,一般从两点设干扰项,一是动词的结构功能,如能不能接宾语,接什么样的宾语,能不能接复合宾语;二是上下文的语义要求。有相当部分选择题考生只从结构上就可做出正确的判断。

2 .注意分析动词所包含的肯定 / 否定含义与上下文的关系

在做动词选择题时,除观察动词自身的结构功能之外,还应注意其语义特点,比如,有的单词含有肯定含义,有的却有否定的含义。考生可借助这一特点,分析具体的上下文。

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 楼主| 发表于 2005-9-28 17:46:21 | 显示全部楼层
完形填空模拟题(一)

Cloze Test 1

Most people have no idea of the hard work and worry that gosintosthe collecting of those fascinating birds and animals that they pay to see in the zoo.One of the questions that is always asked of me is 1 I became an animal collector in the first 2 .The answer is that I have always been interested in animals and zoos.According to my parents, the first word I was able to say with any 3 was not the conventional“mamma”or“daddy”,4 the word“zoo”, which I would 5 over and over again with a shrill 6 until someone, insgroupsto 7 me up, would take me to the zoo.When I 8 a little older, we lived in Greece and I had a great 9 of pets, ranging from owls to seahorses, and I spent all my spare time 10 the countryside in search of fresh specimens to 11 to my collection of pets.12 on I went for a year to the City Zoo, as a student 13 , to get experience of the large animals, such as lions, bears, bison and ostriches,14 were not easy to keep at home.When I left, I 15 had enough money of my own to be able to 16 my first trip and I have been going 17 ever since then.Though a collector's job is not an easy one and is full of 18 ,it is certainly a job which will appeal 19 all those who love animals and 20 .

1.A.how B.where C.when D.whether

2.A.region B.field C.place D.case

3.A.clarity B.emotion C.sentiment D.affection

4.A.except B.but C.except for D.but for

5.A.recite B.recognize C.read D.repeat

6.A.volume B.noise C.voice D.pitch

7.A.close B.shut C.stop D.comfort

8.A.grew B.was growing C.grow D.grown

9.A.many B.amount C.number D.supply

10.A.living B.cultivating C.reclaiming D.exploring

11.A.increase B.include C.add D.enrich

12.A.later B.further C.then D.subsequently

13.A.attendant B.keeper C.member D.aide

14.A.who B.they C.of which D.which

15.A.luckily B.gladly C.nearly D.successfully

16.A.pay B.provide C.allow D.finance

17.A.normally B.regularly C.usually D.often

18.A.expectations B.sorrows

C.excitement D.disappointments

19.A.for B.with C.to D.from

20.A.excursion B.travel C.journey D.Trip

1. 【答案】 A

【解析】根据下一句及随后的内容,作者讲的是怎样成为动物爱好者的 ( 从小就喜欢动物 ) ,应当选择 A.how 。

2. 【答案】 C

【解析】 in the first place 是固定短语 , 意思是 “ 首先 ” 。此句意思是:别人经常问到的问题之一,是当初我是如何爱上动物的。

3. 【答案】 A

【解析】这句话的意思是:作者在呀呀学语之时 , 最早发清楚的音是 “zoo”( 动物园 ), 而不是 “ 妈妈 ”,“ 爸爸 ”, 因此 , 应选 clarity“ 清晰 ” 。填入其他选项 emotion ( 感情 ),sentiment( 多愁善感 ),affection( 友爱 ) 不合逻辑。 4. 【答案】 B

【解析】 but 在此处连接另一个句子 (it was the word“zoo”,“it was” 被省略 ) ,表示转折,意为 “ 而是 ” , Except,except for,but for 的用法接近,表示 “ 除了 ……” 。

例如:

We go there every day except Sunday.

He answered all the questions except for the last one.

For a year the dam remained complete but for the generators.

从意思上,逻辑上,都应当选 but 。

5. 【答案】 D

【解析】根据后面的 over and over again, 应选 “repeat”

6. 【答案】 C

【解析】小孩想去动物园 , 便不停地发出尖叫声 , 故选 “voice” 。 A shrill voice 与 scream 的意思接近。 volume( 音量 ) ; noise( 噪音 ) ; pitch( 音调 ) 均不合要求。

7. 【答案】 B

【解析】 shut sb.up 是指让某人住口,为了让孩子停止尖叫,只好带他去动物园。

8. 【答案】 A

【解析】根据后面主句的时态,此处只能用一般过去时。

9. 【答案】 C

【解析】 a great many 后直接跟可数名词的复数形式; a great / large amount of 后跟不可数名词;只有 a great /large number of 后可以跟可数名词的复数形式。

例如 :

I read a great many English books.

A large amount of money is spent on tobacco every year.

A great number of civilians were murdered in cold blood.

10. 【答案】 D

【解析】 living 后必须接介词 in ,意为 “ 居住 ” ; cultivating 耕种; reclaiming 开垦;只有 exploring 有探察的意思。

11. 【答案】 C

【解析】 add to 相当于 increase ,增加。其余选项后面都不接 to 。

12. 【答案】 A

【解析】 later on 为固定短语, “ 后来 ” 。

13. 【答案】 D

【解析】 attendant 仆人; keeper 可理解为 “ 饲养员 ” ,但是 a student keeper 容易被误解为 “ 收留学生的人 ” ; aide 有 “ 助手 ” 之义。作者一边上学,一边在动物园里打工,只能当助手。

14. 【答案】 D

【解析】 which 在此引导定语从句,修饰前面列出的动物。

15. 【答案】 D

【解析】因为钱是在动物园打工挣的,选 successfully 更能体现其含义。

16. 【答案】 D

【解析】 finance my first trip 意为 “ 支付我的旅行

费用 ” ; pay 后应接介词 for ;其他选项的意思相差甚远。

17. 【答案】 B

【解析】此句为现在完成进行时态 , 选 regularly 比较贴切。

18. 【答案】 D

【解析】此句是由 though 引导的让步状语从句,应与主句意思相对立。选项中, sorrows 和 disappointments 与主句的 appeal to 相对立,但 sorrows 的分量太重。

19. 【答案】 C

【解析】 appeal to 为成语,意思是 “ 吸引 ” 。

20. 【答案】 B

【解析】 excursion 短途旅行; journey( 从一地到另一地的 ) 长距离,具体的旅途; travel 旅行,旅游,海外旅行; trip 旅行,远足。 

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 楼主| 发表于 2005-9-28 17:46:59 | 显示全部楼层
完形填空模拟题(二)

Cloze Test 2

If you were to begin a new job tomorrow, you would bring with you some basic strengths and weaknesses.Success or 1 in your work would depend, to 2 great extent, 3 your ability to use your strengths and weaknesses to the best advantage.4 the utmost importance is your attitude.A person 5 begins a job convinced that he isn't going to like it or is 6 that he is going to ail is exhibiting a weakness which can only hinder his success.On the other hand, a person who is secure 7 his belief that he is probably as capable 8 doing the work as anyone else and who is willing to make a cheerful attempt 9 it possesses a certain strength of purpose.The chances are that he will do well.

10 the prerequisite skills for a particular job is strength.Lacking those skills is obviously a weakness.A book?keeper who can't add or a carpenter who can't cut a straight line with a saw 11 hopeless cases.

This book has been designed to help you capitalize 12 the strength and overcome the 13 that you bring to the job of learning.But insgroupsto measure your development, you must first 14 stock ofswheresyou stand now. 15 we get further along in the book, we'?ll be 16 in some detail with specific processes for developing and strengthening 17 skills.However, 18 begin with, you should pause 19 examine your present strengths and weaknesses in three areas that are critical to your success or failurein school: your 20 , your reading and communication skills, and your study habits.

1.A.improvement B.victory

C.failure D.achievement

2.A.a B.the C.some D.certain

3.A.in B.on C.of D.to

4.A.Out of B.Of C.To D.Into

5.A.who B.what C.that D.which

6.A.ensure B.certain C.sure D.surely

7.A.onto B.on C.off D.in

8.A.to B.at C.of D.for

9.A.near B.on C.by D.at

10.A.Have B.Had C.Having D.Had been

11.A.being B.been C.are D.is

12.A.except B.but C.for D.on

13.A.idea B.weakness

C.strength D.advantage

14.A.make B.take C.do D.give

15.A.as B.till C.over D.out

16.A.deal B.dealt C.be dealt D.dealing

17.A.learnt B.learned C.learning D.learn

18.A.around B.to C.from D.beside

19.A.to B.onto C.into D.with

20.A.intelligence B.work

C.attitude D.weakness

Cloze Test 2

1. 【答案】 C

【解析】本句的意思是: “ 成功或失败在很大程度上取决

于你是否能扬长避短。 ”improvement 改进; victory 胜利; achievement 成果,成就。这三个词都不合

题意,只有 C.failure“ 失败 ” 最合适。

2. 【答案】 A

【解析】 to a great extent 是固定短语,意思是 “ 很大程度上 ” ,符合题意。类似的说法还有: to a large extent,to some extent, to an extent, to a certain extent, to that extent, to the extent of… 。 the, some, certain 都不能与 great extent 搭配。

3. 【答案】 B

【解析】 on 与前面的 depend 构成本句谓语。

4. 【答案】 B

【解析】 of 与名词连用 , 表示具有某种性质 , 状态,做表语。置于句首,表示强调。正常语序为: Your attitude is of the utmost importance.

5. 【答案】 A

【解析】 A person 后应当是定语从句 ,“ 开始工作的那个人 ” 。

6. 【答案】 C

【解析】本句的意思是 “ 如果一个刚刚开始工作的人就深信自己不会喜欢或肯定不适应这项工作,那么阻碍他成功的缺点就暴露出来了。 ”or 后面省略了主语 he 。 ensure 保证; certain 肯定的 ( 只能用于 It 做主语的句子里 ) ; surely 确实地; sure 肯定的。

7. 【答案】 D

【解析】 in one?s belief 相信。其它选项都不能与 belief 搭配。

8. 【答案】 C

【解析】 capable of doing 是固定搭配,意为 “ 能够干什

么 ” 。

9. 【答案】 D

【解析】 attempt 用做名词,后接介词 at ,意为 “ 试图,努力 ” ;如果后面接介词 on ,表示攻击的意思。其他两项都不能与 attempt 搭配。

10. 【答案】 C

【解析】本句的意思是 “ 具有某一工作的必要技能是一个优势 ” 此处应填句子的主语,故选动名词 having 。

11. 【答案】 D

【解析】本句主语是 A book?keeper or carpenter… 。根据主谓一致原则,其谓语应当用单数 is ,而不是复数 are 。 being, been 都是分词,应该排除。

12. 【答案】 D

【解析】 on 与前面的 capitalize 搭配,表示 “ 利用 ” 。做不定式 help 的补语。其它选项不能与 capitalize 搭配。

13. 【答案】 B

【解析】本句的意思是 “ 克服缺点 ”, 应选 weakness( 缺

点,弱点 ) 。 idea 观点; strength 优点; advantage 优势。

14. 【答案】 B

【解析】固定短语 take stock of ,意为 “ 对 …… 估价,对 …… 作出判断 ” 。

15. 【答案】 A

【解析】本句的意思是: “ 随着更深入的阅读 ” ,从语法角度,此处应填关联词。四个选项中,只有 as 能用做关联词。

16. 【答案】 D

【解析】选项 A, B, C 分别是 deal( 处理,论述,涉及 ) 的原形,过去分词及被动语态。根据语法和语义,此处应填将来进行时,意思是 “ 随着书中内容的进一步深入,我们将详细论述发展和加强学习技能的具体过程。 ”

17. 【答案】 C

【解析】根据上下文,这里应当指 “ 学习技能 ” 。

18. 【答案】 B

【解析】固定短语 to begin with ,意为 “ 首先,第一 ” ,常用做插入语。

19. 【答案】 A

【解析】谓语动词 pause 后, examine 又是动词原形,所以这里应当选 to ,可构成动词不定式,做目的状语。其余选项都是介词,不合题意。

20. 【答案】 C

【解析】本句对全文进行总结概括,与文章的开头相呼应, Of the utmost importance is your attitude 故选 attitude 。

每一天的坚守,连起来,就是一生。
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