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05
There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The on most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual. The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world-even the seasonal changes-as unpredictable, and they sought through various means to control these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals. Eventually stories arose which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites. As time passed some rituals were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided material for art and drama.
有很多关于在古希腊的戏剧的开始的理论。 在最上广泛接受今天被基于假设戏剧从宗教典礼那里进化。 这意见的论点去如下。 在开始过程中，人对于世界甚至是自然界季节性变化无法预言， 并且他们寻找各种各样的方法控制这些未知并且惧怕的权力。看起来带来预期效果的那些议案然后被保留并且重复，直到他们最终放在固定的宗教典礼里。 哪个解释或者掩饰仪式的秘密，最终以故事的形式出现。 时间流逝一些仪式当时放弃，但是故事，过后叫神话，成为给艺术和戏剧的材料。
Those who believe that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used, Furthermore, a suitable site had to be provided for performances and when the entire community did not participate, a clear division was usually made between the "acting area" and the "auditorium." In addition, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task. Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mimed the desired effect-success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun-as an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities.
那些相信戏剧逐步形成在宗教仪式之外的人也表明那些仪式包含戏剧的萌芽， 因为音乐，舞会，面罩和服装被经常使用， 而且， 一个合适场所必须为表演提供和整个社区没参加， 一个清楚的划分通常被在"表演地区"和"观众席" 之间做。 另有表演者和相当多重要性隶属于避免错误在仪式的制定在内，宗教领导人通常要完成那项任务。 戴面罩和穿服式他们经常扮演其他人，动物或者超自然的生物， 并且作摹拟表演那些预期效果成功在打猎或者战斗，即将到来的雨，那些升起的太阳象征男演员的力量。 最终这样的戏剧性的表现与宗教活动分离。
Another theory traces the theater's origin from the human interest in storytelling. According to this vies tales (about the hunt, war, or other feats) are gradually elaborated, at first through the use of impersonation, action, and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds. 另一理论踪迹剧院的起源从人对讲故事发生兴趣开始。故事(关于打猎，战争或者其他伟绩)根据这竞争 被逐渐详细说明， 最初通过使用模仿，行动和一个讲述者的对话， 然后通过一个不同的人的每个角色的假定。 或者那是模仿动物运动和声音。
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发表于 2004-9-12 12:55:05
我翻成04了
