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经贸英语复习重点1，2 名词解释 大家重点把握和理解以下表达： letter of credit; shipping mark; listed securities; absolute advantage; CFR; gross domestic product; cargo insurance; Over-the-counter 重点了解一下含意 presentation draft; credit transfer; demand deposit; advising bank; fluctuation clause; depreciation of capital; terms of shipment ; Government securities；Commission business等等 此外大家还要了解的知识点包括；独立法人，价格指数；远期风险不计名票据，联邦基金；互助基金；国库债券等。以上内容只作大家复习参考，不要完全依赖，还要把相关内容看透，看懂 把其中与模拟试题重复名词解释重点看看把.但其他那些也要看啊,我也不是神仙,知道考试题.这个范围已经比较小了.模拟题里没有就看看书,了解一下吧. 选择题--名词解释 --英译中 1.presentation draft--不记名票据; 2.credit transfer--信用转账; 3.demand deposit--活期存款; 4.advising bank--通知行; 5.fluctuation clause--波动条款; 6.depreciation of capital--资本贬值; 7.Government securities--国家债卷； 8.Commission business--经纪业 9.terms of shipment--装运条件 中译英 -- 1.独立法人—Legal entity 2.价格指数—Price index 3.远期风险—forward exchange risk 4.不记名票据—presentation draft 5.联邦基金--Federal Fund 6.互助基金--Mutual Fund 7.国库债卷--Treasury Bills 名词解释 1. letter of credit;信用证
The importer arranges with his bank to open a credit in the country of the exporter, who may then obtain（获得）payment by presentation（提示） of the relevant documents when these have been accepted and returned by the importer.
2. shipping mark;（唛头或运输标记） is the signal to remind the shipper during loading; transportation and storage with some simply geometry graphs, characters, or numbers. 运输标记，即印刷在外包装上为便于运输过程中识别的标记，唛头可由双方商这，如未作明确规定由卖方决定。
3. listed securities;挂牌证券
Listed securities refer to a security that has been accepted for trading and quotation on a recognized stock exchange. The term "listing" comes form the published list issued by the stock exchange authorities and known in the UK as the Stock Exchange Daily Official List.
4. absolute advantage;绝对利益
A economic theory raised by Adam Smith, which illustrates阐述 that each country can produce more of something per unit of inputs than can the rest of the world.
是Adam Smith提出的一种经济理论，它阐述了每个国家在每个单元能生产出比其它国家多的东西 5. CFR; CFR(Cost and Freight) means that the seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination but the risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time the goods have been delivered on board the vessel, is transferred from the seller to the buyer when the goods pass the shop's rail in the port of shipment.
6. gross domestic product;国民生产总值
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) refers to the money value (at market prices) of the goods and services produced by the economy in a period of time, usually a year or a quarter. Only goods for final consumption or investment are included, since the value of intermediate goods, e.g. raw materials, is included in the prices of final goods.
7. cargo insurance;运输保险(mainly refers to Marine Insurance) It refers to the insurance against the possible risks faced during the transportation in international trade. It usually covers the land transport; parcel post transport; and marine transport; etc.
8. Over-the-counter ；场外交易市场或非挂牌交易市场，即通过经纪人买卖未挂牌的证券市场，是通过个别磋商而进行交易的无形市场
Over-the-counter(OTC) market refers to a group of licensed dealers who provide two-way trading facilities（工具） in company securities outside the stock exchange. It is often used to refer generally to unlisted securities markets and specifically (US) to the elaborate electric dealing system, with market makers across the country, called the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System (NASDAQ).
elaborate electric dealing system：精细的电子处理系统 复习重点2以下的简答题，大家可以练习如何解答； 请把简答复习重点里的1235,重点看看.123都是模拟题里的练习,大家可以看答案,第五题答案如下" 1 According to your understanding, what are the reasons for more counter-trade being done between some countries? Or （第5套第2题） 53.Nowadays, it seems that more counter-trade are being done between or among some countries, what are the reasons according to your understanding of counter-trade for this phenomenon? 答案：As one of the important forms of international trade, there are distinctive features of counter-trade, which contribute the reasons for its existence and flourish in the fast-developing world. The followings serve as the main reasons for its popularity: 1) Helping the country without sufficient foreign exchange. 2) Reducing the uncertainty due to the export receipts. 3) Promoting the export, esp, for the developing countries or poor countries. 4) Bypassing the international price monopoly activity. 5)Assisting the under-developed countries to continue their development even without sufficient foreign exchange. 2.Illustrate the role counter trade plays in international trade with analyzing its advantages and disadvantages. or （第2套第2题） 答案：As one of the important forms of international trade, there are distinctive features of counter-trade, which contribute the reasons for the existence and diminishment of it in the fast-developing world. The most distinctive features are as follows: ADVANTAGES: 1) Helping the country without sufficient foreign exchange. 2) Reducing the uncertainty due to the export receipts. 3) Promoting the export, esp, for the developing countries or poor countries. 4) Bypassing the international price monopoly activity. 5)Assisting the under-developed countries to continue their development even without sufficient foreign exchange. DISADVANTAGS: 1) Great difficulties and troubles aroused by the unfamiliarity with the different types of products; 2) Risks in receipt of the goods from the counter-part, after one side has delivered the stipulated goods. Limits on the economic situation of both of the two countries. 3what are the major credit facilities by IMF to its member countries? please illustrate their major functions in your words 答案：International Monetary Fund (IMF) set up several kinds of credit facilities to the member countries. Those facilities are as follows: 1) Extended Fund facility. A special concessional loans for the developing member countries. 2) Compensatory and Contingency Financing Facility (CCFF). The loans provided for the economy-oriented adjustment. 3) Buffer Stock Financing facility. A special loan to solve the problems in balance of payment aroused by the export fluctuation. 4) Structural Adjustment Facility (SAF). A favourable terms to provide funds and to help the countries to balance their payments. Enhance Structural Adjustment Facility (ESAF). A further assistance in the economic development. 4.mention some of the risks the exporter and the importer may face in trade 5．more and more countries begin to pay more attention to the fast development of trade, what are the main reasons for international trade? 答案：（1）Comparative advantage: According to the theory, every country can analyze their own economy and make a decision on what products to produce in the home market, what products to be imported. That is to say, every country should have their advantage in some aspect, no matter it is poor or rich, which is quite significant to international trade. Under this theory, almost every country is encouraged to participate into the international trade activity. So comparative advantage is the basis for international trade. It plays an important role for the development of international trade.
（2）Patterns of demand: In different countries and under different cultural background consumers have different patterns of demand. One product popular in one country may not be in a good scale in another country. As a result, people’s demand patterns will determine or influence the flow or direction of international trade.
（3）Economies of scale: A larger scale of production may lead to the lowering the total cost. When two countries have taken notice of this point, they will focus on the production of only one or single commodity, and expect to exchange with another country for other goods they need.
（4）Innovation or style: Although there are many companies in different countries that produce the same commodities or goods, they are quite different in different style or in different innovations. So the various types and styles of the products will influence the flow of international trade or promote the exchange of products among different countries. 6 is a counter offer an acceptance or a refuraln of the original offer?what happens to the offer once a counter offer is made 7 what are the basic principles of insurance that firms must follow when they seek cover for goods | 
发表于 2005-4-16 15:14:38
