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Passage 4
A treaty on an international Law of the Sea will be signed in Caracas，Venezuela，where negotiations under the auspices of the United Nations began in 1974．
The date of the signing ceremony necessarily remains uncertain，but a sense of urgency remains．
Despite the fact that some 60 weeks have been spent in actual conference sessions，the issues which have plagued the series of Law of the Sea meetings from the beginning have yet to be resolved．
The principal roadblock to a formal pact deals with the potential wealth to be mined from the ocean and just how it will be controlled and distributed．Some of the 140 nations participating in the debate are landlocked．Few have the technological ability or the capital to establish an operation to mine the seabeds for the manganese，nickel，copper，and cobalt known to tempt commercial development．But all want to share in the rewards．
There is a growing awareness that mining organizations are going to be wary of heavy fees and taxes that could doom a venture before it is well begun．The focus now is on creation of some sort of international authority to monitor seabed enterprises and their profits．
The goal of a treaty draft from current negotiations at United Nations headquarters in New York is unlikely to be achieved，according to U.S．Ambassador?at?Large Elliot Richardson．
Although Richardson described the conference mood as“constructive”，he is optimistic only to the extent that there is“every indication of an eventual treaty．”
And the most optimistic outlook is for a signing ceremony late next year — or perhaps in 1981．
16．The purpose of the passage is to _____．
A．describe the rules for the Law of the Sea
B．offer a status report on negotiations for a Law of the Sea
C．describe Elliot Richardson’s efforts toward a Law of the Sea
D．describe seabed mining operation
17．According to the passage the main obstacle to negotiating a Law of the Sea is _____．
A．arriving at an agreement on how to distribute the wealth from seabed mining operations
B．finding ways to finance seabed mining operations
C．acquiring the technological ability to mine seabeds
D．determining how to limit the heavy fees and taxes associated with seabed mining
18．According to the passage，the main problem that the mining organizations must deal with now is _____．
A．every nation should share in rewards
B．to aware heavy fees and taxes
C．to create international authority
D．to sign an international Law of the Sea
19．The current negotiations on an international Law of the Sea are taking place at _____．
A．Caracas，Venezuela
B．United Nations headquarters in New York
C．Elliot Richardson’s office
D．The information is not given in the article.
20．According to the article all the following statements are true except _____．
A．most of the 140 nations do not have the technology to mine the seabed
B．one of the goals of the conference is the establishment of an international authority to watch over seabed mining operations
C．burden some taxes and fees may doom possible seabed mining operations
D．Elliot Richardson is absolutely certain that a treaty could be signed in 1980 or 1981
Passage 5
When people communicate face to face，they convey information in several ways apart from by the words they use．Thus，how often they make eye contact and how long they sustain that contact can indicate their degree of intimacy，interest in or understanding of what they are communicating verbally．Their posture — the way they sit or stand — can reveal attention，interest，disagreement or boredom．The distance they sit or stand from one another and the angle at which they do also can suggest friendship，hostility or respect．These and other forms of nonverbal communication are so pervasive that we usually scarcely notice them．Their importance quickly becomes apparent，however，when for some reason they are lacking or unclear．
One occasion when most people notice the importance of nonverbal communication is when they are talking on the telephone．There is an unwritten rule of telephone conversations that the listener must supply frequent and regular confirmation that he or she is listening．This is done by saying Aha，Mmhm．Yes，I see，and so on．Failure to do this often enough may result in the speaker interrupting him or herself to ask if the other person is“still there”．In face-to-face conversation，this is unnecessary，as attention and understanding are conveyed silently，chiefly by eye contact and posture．
Another situation where the importance of nonverbal communication becomes clear is during cross cultural communication．It is an instructive experience to travel in a foreign country whose culture is very different from one’s own．Does one shake hands，bow，touch，point，wink，and so on，or are some or all of these behaviors considered rude？How long can eye contact be maintained without indicating something more than polite interest？How close does one stand before being disrespectful or too intimate，how far away before being thought cold or hostile？Features like these can sometimes be more important in a second language than grammatical accuracy or a good accent．
21．You can use several ways to communicate with others except _____．
A．using language
B．making eye contact
C．by the posture
D．using ear contact
22．The forms of nonverbal communication are _____．
A．very prevalent
B．apparent
C．unclear
D．noticeable
23．On what occasion people will notice the importance of nonverbal communication，according to the passage？_____
A．When you have an interview with the manager．
B．When you are in a foreign country which language you can’t understand．
C．When you are having a face-to-face communication．
D．When you stand with somebody．
24．According to the passage the following statements can convey a certain kind of information except _____．
A．the time of eye contact
B．the distance between the two persons
C．the way of sitting or standing
D．the way of talking
25．What is the title of the passage？_____
A．How to Use Nonverbal Communication．
B．The Ways of Communication．
C．Nonverbal Communication． D．The Effect of Nonverbal Communication． | 
