新概念英语第二册 课堂笔记

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§Lesson 6 Percy Buttons 珀西.巴顿斯

【NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS】

★beggar n. 乞丐 beg v.乞求 I beg your pardon? ask for :请求得到 beg for :乞求得到

★food n. 食物　不可数 a lot of food

★pocket n. 衣服口袋 inner pocket:内口袋 jacket pocket coat pocket pocket book:袖珍书 pocket dictionary:袖珍词典 pocket money：（小孩）零花钱 change:零钱 get exact change：准备好正确的零花钱 beer money:（男孩）零花钱 pocket pick:车上的小偷

★call v. 拜访，光顾 visit call sb:给某人打电话 call up sb:给某人打电话 call back:回某人电话 Can you take a message for me? Can you tell him to call back?

call on sb　拜访某人 call at,at一般和地点相连 call at+地点＝visit someplace　拜访某地 I will call on you. I will call at your home. call out =shout,大声喊 call in sb:招集和邀请某人 For the project,the government called in a lot of experts.

First listen and then answer the question. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 Who is Percy Buttons?

I have just moved to a house in Bridge Street. Yesterday a beggar knocked at my door. He asked me for a meal and a glass

of beer. In return for this, the beggar stood on his head and sang songs. I gave him a meal. He ate the food and drank the

beer. Then he put a piece of cheese in his pocket and went away. Later a neighbour told me about him. Everybody knows him.

His name is Percy Buttons. He calls at every house in the street once a month and always asks for a meal and a glass of beer.

New words and expressions 生词和短语

参考译文

我刚刚搬进了大桥街的一所房子。昨天一个乞丐来敲我的门，问我要一顿饭和一杯啤酒。作为回报，那乞丐头顶地倒立起来，嘴里还唱着

歌。我给了他一顿饭。他把食物吃完，又喝了酒。然后把一块乳酪装进衣袋里走了。后来，一位邻居告诉了我他的情况。大家都认识他，他叫

珀西.巴顿斯。他每月对这条街上的每户人家光顾一次，总是请求给他一顿饭和一杯啤酒。

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【课文讲解】

move to :搬到 knock at:敲 knock at the door knock at the window beer;bear ask sb for sth:问某人要什么东西；request for for;为了这个目的去请求某人，sb更多的时候不出现，ask for sth The boy asked for money again/once more. in return for this：作为对什么的回报 in return:作为回报 He doesn't want anything in return. hospitality:热情 I'll buy a present for him in return for hospitality. this 在代词当中常常指代上文的一件事情 stood on his head：倒立 stand on one's hands:用手着地 跪着，膝盖：knees,stand on one's knees 躺着，躺：lie,lie in bed,lie on one's back:仰面躺着 lie on one's side:侧躺 趴着：lie on one's stomach give him a meal go away later：后来 tell sb about sth,about:关于，通过其他事自己得出结论，tell you about him tell sb sth:告诉某人某件事(把事情直接告诉)，tell you the news tell you the word tell you about the word everybody作为主语一定作单数看待，属于不定代词 所有的不定代词作为主语一律为单数看待 calls at every house in the street英国写／on the street美国写 once a month:一个月一次，单位表达方式 a.表示每月一次，计量单位 five kilometers an hour ask for,是ask sb for sth的省略 Percy Buttons?a beggar He calls at eery house in the street once a month and asks for a meal and a glass of bear

【Key structures】关键句型

a,the和some a:单数，可数名词 the:可加单数/复数，还可加不可数名词，加在什么名词前面都对 some:只能加在不可数名词的前面或可数名词复数的前面 a和the的区别 a是泛指，a man;特指，the man 在文章当中第一次出现名词的时候往往用a和an修饰，第二次出现的时候用the 在表示一种笼统感念的陈述句中可以省略a和some Yesterday I bought a book,Books are not very expensive. 笼统感念：某某一类／一种东西 I have just drunk a glass of milk ,Milk is very refreshing. I ate an apple./Apples are delicious. I like oranges.Would you like some oranges? Mrs.Jones bought a bag of flour,a bag of sugar,and some tea. She always buys flour,sugar and tea at the grocer's

a和the A man is walking towards me.The man is carrying a parcel.The parcel is full of meat. Names We cannot put a or the in front of names 表示某某一类人当中，具有这种特征当中的一个，a Mr.zhang

【Special Difficulties】难点

某些动词的后面加上介词或副词以后就会改变词义，这种新的组合称作短语动词 put:放，put on take:拿走，take off look:看，look at:看，look for:寻找，look afrer:照顾，look out:当心 call,call at,call on,call in ,call back,call for knock，knock at:敲，knock off,knock over,knock out knock off:下班，He knocked off earlier. knock sth off+地点，knock the vase off the table knock off:打折，knock 10% off the price. knock over,A car knocked the boy over. 如果有地点，off; 无地点，over,I knocked the boy off the bicycle.

Exercises 1...out... knock out :打陨，boxer:拳击手 在拳击场合中，把人打倒在地叫knock out 2...over... 无地点 3...off... 4...at... 1... knock out 2... knock off 3... knock 10% off the price of all the goods

【Multiple choice question】

5...D... say说/tell告诉 He says + 句子；He says+that+句子；say to sb. tell sb.+句子：tell sb.+that+句子 He said to me/he told me Percy Buttons 作为从句的主语 一个简单句只有一个主语一个动词 He told me Percy Bottons was a Beggar. 6.. they all/all they all of us/all of them 我们所有人　all of us,we all each/every 每一个 each:强调个体；every 强调整体 every adj.+n. 每一个（书，本，人等） each adj.&pron.:each adj.+n; each pron.直接作主语或者宾语 every person likes... each person likes.../each likes... every 不能做主语；each 强调个体，使用第三人称单数 7... once a month:每月一次，属于频率 对频率提问：how often 提问多久：how long 提问次数：how many times

How many times do you visit your mother each month? How long do you visit your mother?对时间提问 How often do you visit your mother?对时间和次数提问 How soon 多久以后 How soon will you finish your homework?

Vocabulary 8... out of work 失业 I am out of work,/I lose my job.

10...A... piece of:a piece of cheese 一块奶酪 bit： bar:a bar of chocolate---一块巧克力 bar 门闩：长条状：a bar of chocolate;　a bar of soap block 块，一大块: block v.堵塞；block n.房子 packet:一包 a piece of.../a bit of...

12...A... same age and size 同年代同样式 street 两边有房子的街道 way, on the way,in the way 挡住某人的路（强调方向） road 路的通称：road home 通往家的路 route 路线

〖语法精粹〗

1.How can you___b____if you are not ____? A.listening/hearing B.hear/listening C.be listening/hear D.be hearing/listening to listen听／hear听见 如果你不听，怎么可能听见呢？ be　不能加动词原形；be+ -ed/-ing can+动词原形

2.The girl even won't have her lunch before she____her homework. A.will finish B.is finishing C.had finished D.finishes won't=will not 状语从句中，用一般现在时取代将来时．

3.Those who have applied for the post__A__in the office.(此题超前） A.are being interviewed B.are interviewing C.interviewing D.to be interviewing apply for 申请 who 在名词后面，引导定语从句 interview 面试 从句（have applied for)现在完成时，主句缺少谓语动词 A.are being interviewed　被动 B.are interviewing　　　 主动

4.The old scientist _____to do more for the country. A.is wishing B.has been wishing. C.wishes D.has been wished 合理不合情 scientist 科学家；wish 希望 表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时态． wish sb.to do

5.If he______,don't wake him up. A.still sleeps B.is still sleeping C.still had been sleeping D.will be sleeping still if——一般用一般现在式 如果他在睡觉的话，不要吵醒他 1.关键词 2.上下文 3.潜在含义 now　现在进行时 often,always just,already 现在完成时 last week,last summer...一般过去时

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Lesson 7 Too late 为时太晚

【NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS】

★detective n. 侦探 detective story 侦探小说

★airport n. 机场 ★airfield n. 飞机起落的场地 port 港口；airport航空港 field 田野；airfield 停机坪 at the airport on the airfield

★expect v. 期待，等待 except 除……之外 expect／ik'spekt/ v. 期待，等待 I think so. I expect so.我希望如此［口语］ expect sb.to do sth.期待某人做某事 expect sth.及物动词：I expect your letter. I expect you to write back. wait for sth./wait for sb.不及物动词 expect:心理上的等待 wait for:动作上的等待 I wait for my mother. I expect my mother to come back.

★valuable adj. 贵重的 ★precious adj. 珍贵的

value n.---valuable adj.有价值的 sth.is valuable/sth.is precious precious 带有感情色彩的 precious photo 珍贵的照片 price 价格；priceless adj.-less 表否定；没有价格的，无价的 valueless adj. 没有价值，不足道的 worth 值：worthless adj. 无价值的

★parcel n. 包裹

★diamond n. 钻石 precious stone 宝石 crystal 水晶; jade 玉 diamond ring 钻石戒指

★steal v. 偷 steal,stole,stolen steal sth. 偷（某物） rob sb. 抢(某人) My wallet was stolen. I was robbed. rob the bank

★main adj. 主要的 main building; main street main sentence; main idea 不与人连用

★guard n. 警戒，守卫 life guard 救生员/body guard　保镖

★stone n. 石子

★sand n. 沙子

本课重点：过去进行时，一般过去时

一般过去时与现在完成时 共同点：动作在过去都做过了。 区别：过去式只能强调过去的事，和现在没有任何关系。 I ate a piece of bread. 现在完成时，过去的事情对现在产生的影响。 I have eaten a piece of bread this morning.I'm not hungry. The clock stopped.陈述事实 The clock has stopped.过去的事实对现在造成影响 It snowed yesterday. It has snowed yesterday.强调对现在造成影响

First listen and then answer the question. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 Did the detectives save the diamonds?

The plane was late and detectives were waiting at the airport all morning. They were expecting a valuable parcel of

diamonds from South Africa. A few hours earlier, someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds.

When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the

airfield. Two men took the parcel off the plane and carried it into the Customs House. While two detectives were keeping

guard at the door, two others opened the parcel. To their surprise, the precious parcel was full of stones and sand!

参考译文

飞机误点了，侦探们在机场等了整整一上午。他们正期待从南非来的一个装着钻石的贵重包裹。数小时以前，有人向警方报告，说有人企

图偷走这些钻石。当飞机到达时，一些侦探等候在主楼内，另一些侦探则守候在停机坪上。有两个人把包裹拿下飞机，进了海关。这时两个侦

探把住门口，另外两个侦探打开了包裹。令他们吃惊的是，那珍贵的包裹里面装的全是石头和沙子！

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【课文讲解】

all morning=all the morning The plane was late 飞机晚（点）了 The bus was late./The train was late. detectives 没有强调一些侦探或者那些侦探，强调侦探这种人 　　　　　 笼统感念，可不加some,the ....were waiting... 故事背景，用进行时态 They were expecting...期待着心理上的等 They were waiting for... a valuable parcel of diamonds a cup of tea 强调的是茶 South Africa 南非 a few hours earlier 几个小时以前 a few hours before/a few hours ago someone had told...过去完成时，过去以前发生的事情 ...that thieves would try to... would+do 过去将来时,间接方式，转述，站在过去看未来 that 从句．典型的宾语从句，起转述作用 steal sth. one...the other.../some...others...　 others=other+名词复数 ...the plane arrived,...were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on... when; while 当……时候 while能用when代替；　但是when却不一定能用while代替． while+从句，动作一定会延续 when+延续性动词／瞬间动词；when he arrived when he died when,while强调动作同时发生

过去进行时： 在过去的某一点时间，或者是过去某一动作同时发生的另外一个动作 瞬间动词（arrive)无进行时态 I am arriving 进行时态表示将要 When he arrived,I was having dinner. 同时发生的两个动作，均用过去进行时 When I was doing my homework,my mother was cooking. When my mother was doing the housework,my father was watching TV.

同时发生的两个动作 1.一个用一般过去时，另一个用过去进行时 2.分工的情况，均用过去进行时

When the plane arrived,...were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on... Two men took the parcel off... take sth.off...=take sth.away from... and carried it into...carried 表示看得很重 Customs House 海关 While... ...were keeping guard at the door,two others opened the parcel. 表面上是分工，两个动作同时开始，不是同时开始同时结束，延续时间不一致， 长一点时间的动作用进行时态，短时间的动作用过去时． When someone knocked at the door,I was having dinner. keep guard 守卫；at the door 在门边 two others=two other detectives To their surprise to one's surprise,让某人惊讶的是 To my surprise,the teacher was late. to one's joy To my joy, my mother came here yesterday. to one's excitement To our excitement,our team wins. be full of ...装满 My bag was full of books. The cup is full of water.

总结 a few hours ealier 几个小时以前 two others to one's surprise,... be full of 装满

重点：过去动作同时发生的时态 1.过去两个动作同时发生，习惯上一个用一般过去时，另一个用过去进行时 ；动作长用过去进行时，动作短用一般过去时；分工的情况，动作的开始时间和 结束时间几乎相同，均用过去进行时； 　I was listening to the radio,my sister was dancing.

2.两个动作在同时段进行，在不同时间结束，先发生的动作未结束，另一个动作 发生，先发生的动作用进行时态，另一个动作用过去时． When the telephone rang,I was opening the door.先开门 When the telephone was ringing, I opened the door.　电话先响

3.瞬间动词没有进行时态，所以两个动作同时发生，延续性动词用进行时态，瞬间 动词使用过去时态。

【Special Difficulties】 Do you remember these sentences? come and look at... I am looking for... v.+prep.+宾语 Now read these sentences v.+prep./adv.代表不同的意思 look at 看；look after照料 v.+prep./adv.+宾语（ｎ．） v.+宾语（n./pron.)+prep./adv. take off the coat……take the coat off/take it off coat n.作宾语 put on your shoes/put your shoes on/put them on

宾语的位置和词性取决于施加动作的动词 介词出现，一定要有宾语，所以　v.+prep.+宾语(n.) 副词可省略．v.+宾语(n./pron.)+adv. 或　v.+adv.+宾语(n.) at,after prep; off adv. vt.+宾语 vi.+prep.+宾语 take vt./look vi. I always take money with me.

Exercise put the book on the desk--> put vt. put out...-->out adv. He is looking for his pen.……for prep. 1.give away...-->give(vt.)-->give...away 2.woke up...-->wake sb.(vt.);up(adv.)-->wake...up... wake me up.叫醒我；代词做宾语，放在动词与副词之间 3.look for...-->look(vi.) 4.cut off...-->cut(vt.);cut oneself;cut hair 5.put on...-->put...on... 6.give it back...-->it(pron.) 7.lift up...-->up(adv.)可省略；lift(up)sth;lift sth.up 8.take off...;put on...--->take (vt.)put(vt.) 9.look at...--->look(vi.) 10.send her away...---her(pron.) 11.pull down...-->pull(vt.);down(adv.) pull one's leg 开玩笑 12.make up...--->make(vt.)up one's mind习惯用法不换,语法可换 13.ask for...-->ask(sb.)for sth. 省略sb.　 14.throw away...-->throw(vt.)...away...

宾语的位置和词性取决于施加动作的动词 vt.+adv.+宾语(n.) vt.+宾语(n./pron.)+adv.

vi+prep.+宾语(n.)

词组当中的练习，短语be interested in 如果不能接收，就记住－－放弃 如果已经说过，还没有明白，就要执著弄懂

【Multiple Choice Exercises】 5.had done.——两个动作先后发生（一个动作结束，另一个动作才发生）用过去 完成时 before:在……之前　　　as soon as:一……就

8.expect,wait I expect so. I expect your letter. expect somebody to do wait for expect somebody to expecting

9.valuable……precious value:名词 worth后面一定要加动词　　　something is worth... The book is worth reading. worthy……be worthy of worthless……something is worthless

10.加something做宾语的一定是steal

【Key structures】

Exercises D 1.As:正当　　将要走　　be doing was leaving ...arrived 2.was working...was sitting 3.was working...met 4.was reading...heard hear是不用进行时态的 5.set the table摆桌子 was preparing...set 6.dropped...was speaking

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Lesson 8 The best and the worst 最好的和最差的 【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★competition n. 比赛，竞赛 race car race football match contest baby contest beauty contest 选美 暗地里的竞争－competition game

★neat adj. 整齐的，整洁的 neat=tidy

★path n. 小路，小径

★wooden adj. 木头的

★pool n. 水池 人工的　swimming pool pond 天然的　　good pond

good bad 比较级－than 最高级－of all He is the tallest of all. He is the tallest in the room. the+ -est more interesting the most interesting 三个或者是三个音节以上——多音节 比较级的构成：more+原级　　　　最高级的构成：the most+原级 单音节的词用er 双音节　　　以y结尾的双音节词+er clever cleverer more clever slowly more slowly often more often fun:快乐　　　more fun 美国人用 无规律：good bad; many much; few little many much--more most little--less least far old far--farther farthest further furthest farther:距离上的远和更远　　　further:程度　　further more old--older oldest elder eldest older:比...大　　　　elder：做定语修饰其他名词　　elder sister She is older than somebody

First listen and then answer the question. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 Why is Joe's garden the most beautiful one in the town?

Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town. Nearly everybody enters for 'The Nicest Garden Competition' each

year, but Joe wins every time. Bill Frith's garden is larger than Joe's. Bill works harder than Joe and grows more flowers

and vegetables, but Joe's garden is more interesting. He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool. I

like gardens too, but I do not like hard work. Every year I enter for the garden competition too, and I always win a little

prize for the worst garden in the town!

参考译文

乔.桑德斯拥有我们镇上最漂亮的花园。几乎每个人都参加每年举办的“最佳花园竞赛”，而每次都是乔获胜。比尔.弗里斯的花园比乔的

花园大，他比乔也更为勤奋，种植的花卉和蔬菜也更多，但乔的花园更富有情趣。他修筑了一条条整洁的小路，并在一个池塘上架了一座小木

桥。我也喜欢花园，但我却不愿意辛勤劳动。每年的花园竞赛我也参加，但总因是镇上最劣的花园而获得一个小奖！

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【课文讲解】 Joe Bill the writer the most beautiful the largest the worst Joe's garden is the most beautiful. Bill's garden is the largest. The writer's is the worst. 比较的东西都是同类的事物 enter for:报名参加，强调报名　　take jpart in 真真参加 enter for the exam win:赢　　　won--won I win. I lose win something I win the book. I win the gold cup win后面往往是奖品 win a prize:赢得了一个奖 win a prize for:因为...而获奖 win不能接对手 defeat+对手　　I defeat you.

【Key structures】

最高级的标志：of in in+地点　　　of+范围

Exercises D 1.in 2.of 3.of 4.in

【Special difficulties】 Everyone knows him Exercises A 1.believes 2.was 3.tries Exercises B enter/enter for 1...enter his room enter 直接使用表示进入；enter for：表示报名 2....enter for this week's... crossward 文字游戏 3...enterd for the Olympic Games... athletes : sportsman 4....entered...the building. 5....entered for the examination... enter+地点名词 enter for+表示比赛、竞赛、考试的名词

【Multiple choice questions】

3. ...It is... It 指代前一句的主语，Bill Frith's garden 两者比较，不可能出现最高级 garden 可数名词 garden 单数：a garden garden 复数：gardens It is a larger garden. 可数名词 + a/an 或者　-s 6......C be fond of:like

I like sth. I love sth. I enjoy sth. I am fond of sth. 8.....B 对手关系不能用win defeat v.击败 beat v.打败；打 gain:get sth. earn:挣得：earn money 9... grow vt.:grow sth;grow flowers...种植 grow vi.:sth.grow;flowers are growing;...生长 in the garden 地点状语 grow tall/grow big 变得...;一般不加形容词 grow up:up adv.表示向上；只和人连用，表示人的长大 10...D sth.is interesting……是令人感兴趣的 be interested in....对——感兴趣 11.... it 作形式主语；真正的主语是to look up the garden hard work 繁重的工作 work不可数名词／job可数名词 a hard work 错 a hard job hard job 错 hardly a job：hardly adv.几乎不 Have you understood me? Sorry,I have hardly understood you. 12....B very 不单独使用 and　并列连词，不放在句子末尾 either也，表否定 also 表示也，可以放在句子末尾 often 可以放在句子末尾

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Lesson 9 A cold welcome 冷遇 【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★welcome n. 欢迎；v. 欢迎 a cold welcome 冷遇 welcome to＋地点 welcome to China welcome to my home/welcome home/welcome back You are welcome./welcome adj. You are welcome to+地点

★crowd n. 人群 person people crowd :in the crowd I spotted him in the crowd 一眼看见 a crowd of people 没有次序的人群，拥挤的人群 a group of people 有次序的人群 crowd v.拥挤，挤满 a large crowd of people 一大群人／crowds of people 许多人，人山人海

★gather v. 聚集 people gathered 人们聚集在一起，尤指自发性的聚集

★hand n. （表或机器的）指针 hand n.手 minute hand/second hand/hour hand second hand 二手的，旧的 wait me a moment/wait me a few seconds(for a few secs.) secs.:seconds的缩写

★shout v. 喊叫 call out 大声喊叫 cry out 大声哭喊 scream 尖叫

★refuse v. 拒绝

★laugh v. 笑

First listen and then answer the question. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 What does 'a cold welcome' refer to?

On Wednesday evening, we went to the Town Hall. It was the last day of the year and a large crowd of people had gathered

under the Town Hall clock. It would strike twelve in twenty minutes' time. Fifteen minutes passed and then, at five to

twelve, the clock stopped. The big minute hand did not move. We waited and waited, but nothing happened. Suddenly someone

shouted. 'It's two minutes past twelve! The clock has stopped!' I looked at my watch. It was true. The big clock refused to

welcome the New Year. At that moment, everybody began to laugh and sing.

参考译文

星期三的晚上，我们去了市政厅。 那是一年的最后一天，一大群人聚集在市政厅的大钟下面。再过20分钟，大钟将敲响12下。15分钟过去

了，而就在11点55分时，大钟停了。那根巨大的分针不动了。 我们等啊等啊，可情况没有变化。突然有人喊道：“已经12点零2分了！那钟已

经停了！”我看了一下我的手表，果真如此。那座大钟不愿意迎接新年。此时，大家已经笑了起来，同时唱起了歌。

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【课文讲解】 A cold welcome 冷遇 cold 冷的，寒冷的，冷淡的 cold fish 冷漠的人 lucky dog　幸运的人 My brother is a cold fish. What doews "a cold welcome" refer to ? refer to 指…… On Wednesday evening in the evening wednesday修饰evening Town Hall 市政厅 the last day of the year 一年中的最后一天 a large crowd of the peopley一大群人 had gathered 强调事件的时间是过去的过去 It指clock strike v.strike the clock敲钟/clock strike钟自己响 knock at the door Listen,the clock is striking. strike twelve 数字表示敲击的次数 in twenty minutes' time 20分钟之后 in 表示在段时间以后 根据时态判别in 表示的含义 would strike过去将来时，从过去看未来 We will finish class in half an hour. minutes'名词所有格 It will leave in...minutes'time in twenty(minutes'time)名词所有格可省略 my mother's ,Kit's,Tom's 名词所有格可以用来表达时间 an hour's time 名词以-s结尾或者本身是以-s结尾的复数名词，所有格加 ’ 名词所有格表示时间或距离 How far is the school from here? 3 minutes' walk. pass 过了 to 没到 ...minutes pass...前半小时 25 minutes passed eight ...minutes to ...后半小时 a quarter to nine/15 minutes to nine 时刻指点时间，时间指段时间 时刻前的介词用at at five to twelve作时间状语 一般过去时the clock stopped 顺序句式...,the clock stopped at five to twelve. An hour passed and then,he arrived. ...minutes later几分钟以后 some time passed and then,sth happened. big minute hand 大分针 waited and waited 等啊等啊，强调动作的重复 walked and walked ,run and run but 然而，表转折 nothing happened happen vi.事情做主语，事情发生 what happened? someone shouted 有人大声喊 It's two minutes past twelve! I go to school at seven o'clock.时间状语 It's nine o'clock;现在9点了 The clock has stopped!现在完成时，强调过去动作导致的结果。 I have had my breakfast.我已经吃过早餐了 I have... I read a book... I looked at my watch. It was true...这是一个事实 It was true that+从句 refuse to do sth.拒绝去做某事 I refuse to leave.我拒绝离开 I refuse to move.我拒绝移动 at that moment :just then就在那时 at the moment: now 现在，此刻，在此时 过去时 began to laugh and sing.

〖本科重点〗 1...minutes passed and then,sth.happened. 2.What happened? Nothing happened. 3.It was ture.

【Key structures】

When did you arrived? I arrived at ten o'clock. at/in/on/others when...? in the morning;in the afternoon;in the evening on Friday;on 15th; on Wednesday evening;on fine afternoon 有修饰词用on in a week;in January;in Feb. in summer;in spring; in autumn;in winter in 1992;in 1999 at night;at noon;at five to twelve;at ten o'clock until 直到……时候 I can't enter for the sports meeting until tomorrow. from..to... Everyday we have English class from 8:30 to 11:30 during 在……期间 in the holiday:强调这段时间其中某一点时间，并不表示自始至终 during the holiday 强调假期的从头到尾 He enjoyed himself during his holiday. I was caught in an accident in the holiday

Exercises B 1.in; 2.on; 3.in没有强调自始自终　4.in 5.at(at the moment=now) 6.on;in 7.in; 8.at;in 9.until

【Special Difficulties】

not...any and no... any 用于否定句和疑问句中，some用于肯定句 Do you have any friends? I don't have any friends. not 用在非实义动词后面，实义动词前面． not any=no adj.用在名词前面 I have no friends.

Exercise B He hasn't any hobbies. ---->He has no hobbies. He does not go anywhere.--->He goes nowhere He does not see anybody.--->He sees nobody. He is not interested in anything--except food!---->He is interested in nothing --execpt food

　【Mulitiple choice questions】

4.A people:人们，做主语是一定是复数 police，cattle是复数 8.D 敲门用knock 敲钟用strike hit轻和strike重(hit hard)在一定的时候可以互换　打一下 beat 连续不断的打　beat drums 12. deny:否认　拒绝去承认，后面一般加名词 refuse:拒绝

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Lesson 10 Not for jazz 不适于演奏爵士乐 【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★jazz n. 爵士音乐 a kind of music

★musical adj. 音乐的 music student : the student who learned music musical student :有音乐天赋的

★instrument n. 乐器 instrument=musical instrument

★clavichord n. 古钢琴 a kind of instrument

★recently adv. 最近 recently=lately

★damage v. 损坏

★key n. 琴键 key to the door Do you know the key(答案） to the question? key(关键)structure

★string n. （乐器的）弦

★shock v. 使不悦或生气，震惊 跟人的情绪有关的动词的宾语往往是＂人＂ The news shocks me 凡是能够用＂人＂做宾语，又是表示人的情绪活动的动词，有两个形容词形成： 1.令人……；+ -ing 2.感到…… + -ed It shocked me. It is shocking. I'm shocked. get a shock n. sb.get a shock surprise 好事坏事都可以，只要你没有料到　I want to give you surprise. shock 只能是坏事,让人感到不高兴

★allow v. 允许，让 allow doing Smoking is allowed. allow sb. to do sth sb.be allowed to do sth. You are allow to smoke You are not allow to enter the room if you don't take the card with you allow用被动

★touch v. 触摸，碰

First listen and then answer the question. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 What happened to the clavichord?

We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord. It was made in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in

the living room. It has belonged to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago.

Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were

broken. My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my father's.

参考译文

我家有件古乐器，被称作古钢琴，是1681年德国造的。我们的这架古钢琴存放在起居室里。我们家有这件乐器已经很久了， 是我祖父在很

多年以前买的。可它最近被一个客人弄坏了，因为她用它来弹奏爵士乐。她在击琴键时用力过猛，损坏了两根琴弦。我父亲大为吃惊，不许我

们再动它。父亲的一个朋友正在修理这件乐器。

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【课文讲解】

be done call sb.sth. sb.be called be made be made in +地点 be made of/be made from(看不出原料/多种原料）:由……制造（材料） The ring is made of gold. It is made from plastic. be made int被……制成 The gold is made into a ring. is done:被动语态的一般现在时 was done:被动语态的一般过去时 使用那一个不取决于动词，而取决于该句话的时态 只要见到ago,一定使用过去时 主动语态的主语变到被动语态中要在前面加by play: 1.跟球类连用，直接＋球类；2.跟乐器连用，＋the+乐器 play music on + 乐器 hard: 修饰动作程度的重和深 汉语中习惯用主动形式，英语中习惯用被动形式 be+动词的ing形式：进行时态 be+done:　被动语态 be being done：被动语态的现在进行时 be动词有多少种时态，被动语态就有多少种 have been done will be done can be done had been done is/am/are/was/were/ done I will make a cake./Tomorrow the cake will be made. The cake has been made. The cake was made. The cake had been made. 强调对象是人用主动，强调对象是物用被动，被强调的部分永远做主语

双重所有格／双重属格：名词＋of＋名词所有格（名词性的物主代词） 只有一张照片　my photo 很多照片中的一张　a photo of mine It happened to a friend of mine.

【Special difficulties】 Exercise A 1.of 2.in 3.from Exercise B 1.He borrowed a record of mine. 2.She showed me a picture of John's 3.It was an idea of hers. 4.A letter of yours was found on my desk. 5.Some friends of theirs came to see me.

双重属格结构： "a friend of my father" "my father's friend(s)"　 ……只有一个（很多）朋友 "a friend of my father's" √ 强调很多当中的一个或几个的时候，选用双重属格结构

【Multiple choice questions】 7....A "we are not allowed to touch it."不被允许 肯定结构中must和have to是一个感念 否定结构中must和have to就不一样了 mustn't:不准，不可以 have to的否定：不必(have实意动词）……don't have to You don't have to go to school. You mustn't go to school.

9....A keep(kept,kept):保持；保存 keep sth.+地点：在某地放...（状态） put:放（动作） That's where 　That's后面＋以特殊疑问词引导的从句 　That's why:那就是...的原因 That's where:那就是...地点

lift:举起 carry:扛着，背着，抱着 hold:拥有，持有，握着 have:拥有

10....C "damaged"……可以修复 destroy……无法修复 pain……有身体的疼痛 hurt……hurt oneself／身体的某个部位/feelings: 受伤,伤害 身体的某个部位＋hurt: ...疼痛 My hand hurts. 　　　　　　 My leg hurts. Hurt my leg. broke——打破，打断，打碎 I broke my leg.

Lesson 11 One good turn deserves another 礼尚往来 【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★turn n. 行为，举止 behavior：行为，举止 pay attention to your behavior turn：对人有影响力的行为

★deserve v. 应得到，值得 He deserves praise.他应该得到表扬 Yor deserve the best.你应该得到最好的 deserve + n. promotion：提升 He deserved a promotion. deserve to d 应该... She deserved to be punished. Good work deserves good pay.

★lawyer n. 律师 lawyer's office：律师事务所

★bank n. 银行 rob the bank：抢银行

★salary n. 工资 pay：工资（salary+wage)　通用 salary:工资（月薪，年薪）……有固定工作或管理阶层 wage:工资（按小时，周计算的）……不稳定的工作 bonus：奖金，分红 collet:搜集，领取　　collect salary/wage：领工资

★immediately adv. 立刻 at once：立刻，马上 right now：现在 right away：＝at once,immediately 立刻，马上