新概念英语第三册 课文&课堂笔记

青瓜琼子

Lesson 10

【课文讲解】

The great ship,Titanic,sailed for...背景介绍 sail for 航海去往某处 set out(off) for出发去往某处 leave for,head for,make for Eg.: He will set out for the Atlantic. The plane is making for the airport. We are heading for Canada.

She was carrying... carry 表示载有；a crew of一组人员

Even by...by; according to 表示依据 mordern standards 现代的标准

by regulation 依据规则；by rules依据条例 by our estimate依据我们的估计 by one's looks /by one's appearance 根据某人的长相 according to 依据（事实、课文等客观存在的现实） according to the fact 依据事实 according to the text依据这篇课文

在我看来：in my opinion

according to /in accordance with in accordance with 更加正式，依据法律 in accordance with law in accordance with rules

At that time 在当时

ont noly...but(also)...不仅，而且 be regarded as: be considered to be,be thought of as 把...看作为 口语中：regard sb./sth. as+(n./pron/adj./doing/done) Eg.:I regard his idea as totally unacceptable. We can't regard the matter as settled for 表示原因 be able to强调有能力

be remembered 被永远记住 go down: sink on her first voyage :处女航，首航 with heavy loss of life损失惨重，造成大批人员的死亡

four days after setting out...; four days after seeting off...

...spotted...;suddenly discoverd by a look out icy waters 水域，海域

the alarm had been given 发出警报 to avoid ...不定式表目的

which 指代the immense wall of ice from below 从下方；from above 从上方

...so faint that no one thought that... so...that..

to one's horror使某人感到惊骇、惊恐 to one's surprise 使某人感到惊讶

five of her sixtten watertight compartments had been filled with water

The odrer was given 命令被下达 to abandon ship 弃船，不定式做定语

hundreds of people plunged into... As (because) there were not enough lifeboats ...1500 lives died.

ability 能力 the ability to do sth order sb.to do sth. be capable of doing sth.强调有做某事的能力 capability of doing sth.做某事的能力

【Special difficulties】

Wording Building 动词后加-er，如果是以不发音的-e结尾的，只加-r,表示行为的主动者，做某事的人 work ---worker teach--teacher murder--murderer write---writer read --reader 动词后加-ist,表示某种主义者，信仰者；从事某种事业、研究的人。 　copy--copyist type---typist novel---novelist drug--druggist tobacco---tobacconist 形容词后加-ness,抽象名词，表示一种性质、情况、状态 　kind--kindness bitter--bitterness happy---happiness willing---willingness 某些动词后加-ion,构成名词。 　suggest---suggestion... 以-te结尾的动词，把不发音的-e去掉，在加-ion translate---translation complete---completion graduate ---graduation 某些以-aim/-ain结尾的动词、把-i去掉，在加-ation. explain---explanation exclaim--exclamation 以-ity结尾，放在形容词之后，构成抽象名词，表示性质、状态 以-able/-ible结尾的形容词变成名词，变成-ability/-ibility able--ability probable---probability possible---possibility mobile---mobility

Exercise (1)...physicist... physics: 物理 (2)...miner... mine: 矿井 (3)...humanity... (4)...impression... impress: 给某人印象 make a good impression (5)...originality... original: 初始的，原始的

【Multiple choice questions】

(1)...d... on her first /maiden voyage: 首航，处女航 (2)...c... (3)...a... (4)...b... her指代的是the great ship on board the plane/the train/the ship (5)...d... 表示下沉的可能性 (6)...d... 有了“段时间”four,所以用过去完成进行时 (7)...b... so位于句首，句子必须倒装 (8)...d... "not enough lifeboats" (9)...a... 突然转向　veer=turn (10)...c... just in time 躲得很及时 in next to no time=at once,immediately; on a sudden impulse: 凭一时的冲动 (11)...b... 重点在于下去调查 (12)...a... volume: 容量，容积 area: 地区 place: 地方，地点

青瓜琼子

Lesson 11 Not guilty 无罪

Listen to the tape then answer the question below. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 What was the Customs Officer looking for?

Customs Officers are quite tolerant these days, but they can still stop you when you are going through the Green Channel and have nothing to declare. Even really honest people are often made to feel guilty. The hardened professional smuggler, on the other hand, is never troubled by such feelings, even if he has five hundred gold watches hidden in his suitcase. When I returned form abroad recently, a particularly officious young Customs Officer clearly regarded me as a smuggler. 'Have you anything to declare?' he asked, looking me in the eye. 'No', I answered confidently. 'Would you mind unlocking this suitcase please?' 'Not at all,' I answered. The Officer went through the case with great care. All the thing I had packed so carefully were soon in a dreadful mess. I felt sure I would never be able to close the case again. Suddenly, I saw the Officer's face light up. He had spotted a tiny bottle at the bottom of my case and he pounced on it with delight. 'Perfume, eh?' he asked sarcastically. 'You should have declared that. Perfume is not exempt from import duty.' 'But it isn't perfume,' I said. 'It's hair gel.' Then I added with a smile, 'It's a strange mixture I make myself.' As I expected, he did not believe me. 'Try it!' I said encouragingly. The officer unscrewed the cap and put the bottle to his nostrils. He was greeted by an unpleasant smell which convinced him that I was telling the truth. A few minutes later, I was able to hurry away with precious chalk marks on my baggage.

New words and expressions 生词和短语

guilty adj. 犯罪的，违法的

tolerant adj. 宽容的

declare v. 申报

hardened adj. 有经验的

professional adj. 职业的，专业的

smuggler n. 走私者

officious adj. 爱管闲事的

confidently adv. 自信地 dreadful adj. 可怕的，一团糟的

pounce v. 猛抓，扑住

perfume n. 香水

sarcastically adv. 讽刺地

exempt adj. 被免除的

duty n. 税

gel n. 凝胶

mixture n. 混合物

unscrew v. 拧开

nostril n. 鼻孔

chalk n. 粉笔

baggage n. 行李

参考译文 现在的海关官员往往相当宽容。但是，当你通过绿色通道，没有任何东西需要申报时，他们仍可以拦住你。甚至是最诚实的人也常弄得觉得有罪似的，而老练的职业走私犯却使手提箱里藏着500只金表，却也处之泰然。最近一次，我也出国归来，碰上一位特别好管闲事的年轻海关官员，他显然把我当成走私犯。 “您有什么需要申报的吗？”他直盯着我的眼睛问。 “没有。”我自信地回答说。 “请打开这只手提箱好吗？” “好的。”我回答说。 那位官员十分仔细地把箱子检查了一遍。所有细心包装好的东西一会儿工夫就乱成一团。我相信那箱子再也关不上了。突然，我看到官员脸上露出了得意的神色。他在我的箱底发现了一只小瓶，高兴地一把抓了起来。 “香水，嗯？”他讥讽地说道，“你刚才应该申报，香水要上进口税的。” “不，这不是香水，”我说，“是发胶。”接着我脸带微笑补充说：“这是一种我自己配制的奇特的混合物。” “你就闻一闻吧！”我催促说。 海关官员拧开瓶盖，把瓶子放到鼻子底下。一股怪味袭来，使他相信了我说的真话。几分钟后，我终于被放行，手提划着宝贵的粉笔记号的行李，匆匆离去。

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★guilty adj. 犯罪的，违法的 He felt guilty when he did what he shouldn't have done. He said that with a guilty smile. guilt(n.) guiltily(a.) 反义词：innocent,innocence(n.)

★tolerant adj. 宽容的 tolerantly(adv.) tolerance(n.) tolerate(vt.) tolerable(adj)

★declare v. 申报

★hardened adj. 有经验的 (侧重于老练的） a hardened player a hardened thief experienced(侧重于有经验的) an experienced teacher

★professional adj. 职业的，专业的 a professional player

★smuggler n. 走私者

★officious adj. 爱管闲事的 A lot of old ladies are officious. officously(adv.) officiousness(n.) officious civil servant an officious police officer official: 官方的，官员的，正式的 An official inquiry will be made into this matter

★confidently adv. 自信地 He went to do the work confidently= with confidence 充满信心的 confident(adj.) confidence(n.) have confidence: 有信心 gain confidence: 获得信心 in confidence: 悄悄的，秘密的＝secertly take sb.into one's confidence; 以某人为心腹 ★dreadful adj. 可怕的，一团糟的 ＝frightful（表示胆怯的，恐惧的） dreadful(侧重于可怕的，乱七八糟的）

★pounce v. 猛抓，扑住

★perfume n. 香水（人造的） fragrance: （抽象名词）芬芳，芳香

★sarcastically adv. 讽刺地

★exempt adj. 被免除的

★duty n. 税 Customs Duty: 关税 Stamp Duty: 印花税 duty free: 免税的 同义词：tax income tax: 所得税

★gel n. 凝胶

★mixture n. 混合物 mix(n.) mix sth. with ★unscrew v. 拧开

★nostril n. 鼻孔

★chalk n. 粉笔

★baggage n. 行李 同义词：luggage

青瓜琼子

Lesson 11

【课文讲解】

quite tolerant 我们在运用形容词、动词时，往往需要用副词来强调 表示“真正的”really a really officious person 强调“特别，尤其是”particularly 强调“绝对的”absolutely 强调“完全的，彻底的”completely,entirely,fully,thoroughly 强调“特别，特别是”extremely

fairly---强调“一般般” very……语气程度强烈“非常” rahter……语意程度接近fairly,注意修饰形容词和副词特别是修饰形容词同时修饰名词时，不定冠词的位置 A fairly good book. A rather good book/Rather a good book quite---～right/wrong/mistaken/sure

Even really honest people... a particularly officious young Customs officer...

the Green Channel=the Custom Office are made to feel guilty make,have,let及感官性动词see,hear,notice,feel 用于主动语态，符合宾语不定式的to符号应该省略，但这种结构改成被动式时，不定式符号必须还原　 We heard someone come up the stairs Someone was heard to come up the stairs

(on the one hand...)on the other hand On the one hand we could stay and help you,but on the other hand it might be better if you went to help him instead

higgen in his suitcase 过去分词短语作定语，修饰watches Even if/though he has five hundred golden watches that are hidden in his suitcase.

looking me in the eys. 两眼直盯盯的注视着我 look sb.in the face,stare sb.in the eys=look directly at sb. Not one of the men dared look him in the eye.

Would you mind unlocking this suitcase please? 注意：mind后面的动名词形式

The Officer went through the case with great care. ==The Officer examined the case carefully with great care……强调相当的仔细

in a mess: 乱作一团 介词in 和名词搭配，表示一种状态 　秩序井然；in good order 身体健康：in good health 心境好： in a good mood 脾气好：　in a good temper

light up:喜气洋洋，容光焕发 　Masha's face lit up when she saw her old friend. His face lighted up at the small triumph. Tom really lighted up when he saw the new bicycle. light过去式，过去分词：lit,lighted 但是如果运用过去分词作定语，表示被动点燃的，要用lighted 一支被点燃的雪茄：a lighted cigar 点燃的火炬：a lighted stick

介词短语---with delight“欣喜若狂地” with和抽象名词搭配，表示内心充满了一种感情 　自信地：with confidence 细心地：with care 骄傲地：with pride 欣喜若狂地：with delight

pounce on :向...猛扑过去，对...大作文章 　　The policeman pounced on the thief. Don't pounce on my mistake. should have和过去分词搭配，表示本应该做某事却没有做，具有谴责性的味道 You should have arrived here five minutes earlier. You should have told me about it. 本不应该做某事：shouldn't have done

exempt: 免除的，被免除的　be～from Drinks are not exempt from import duty.

as……关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，他所指代的内容就是主句的整个句子的含义， As we know,the earth is round(众所周知） As Brian pointed out,...(正如...所指出的） 正如...所提及的：as sb.mentioned 正如我很快得知的：as I soon learned 关系代词as和which的区别： as所引导的非限制性定语从句，可用在主句之前。 which引导的非限制性定语从句，只能用在主句之后 副词形式：encouragingly

He was greeted by an unpleasant smell.. greet: 问候，向...致意；觉察到,呈现在...眼前，在...耳边 I woke up and was greeted by a bird's song. Inside the room a dreaduful mess greeted us. When he went into the kitchen,a smell greeted him.

precious:珍贵的

【Multiple choice questions】

1.C 2.C what----名词 3.A 4.D 5.C look him in the eye/face=look directly at him 6.B Would you kindly do sth.please? 7.A should: ought to 8.A Having finished his homework ,he went to bed. 9.C 宽容的，好相处的　　B 平静的 　A 能忍耐的，可忍受的　D 疏忽的 10 A feel ashamed of D 无辜的 11.D 不愿意相信的 　A: unable to be understood The article is full of incomprehensible technical expressions. B: unbelievable What you said is incredible. C: 不轻信的 　D: unwilling to believe 12.baggage=luggage

青瓜琼子

Lesson 12 Life on a desert island 荒岛生活 Listen to the tape then answer the question below. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 What was exceptional about the two men's stay on the desert island?

Most of us have formed an unrealistic picture of life on a desert island. We sometimes imagine a desert island to be a sort of paradise where the sun always shines. Life there is simple and good. Ripe fruit falls from the trees and you never have to work. The other side of the picture is quite the opposite. Life on a desert island is wretched. You either starve to death or live like Robinson Crusoe, Waiting for a boat which never comes. Perhaps there is an element of truth in both these pictures, but few us have had the opportunity to find out. Two men who recently spent five days on a coral island wished they had stayed there longer. They were taking a badly damaged boat from the Virgin Islands to Miami to have it repaired. During the journey, their boat began to sink. They quickly loaded a small rubber dinghy with food, matches, and cans of beer and rowed for a few miles across the Caribbean until they arrived at a tiny coral island. There were hardly any trees on the island and there was no water, but this did not prove to be a problem. The men collected rainwater in the rubber dinghy. As they had brought a spear gun with them, they had plenty to eat. They caught lobster and fish every day，and, as one of them put it 'ate like kings'. When a passing tanker rescued them five days later, both men were genuinely sorry that they had to leave.

New words and expressions 生词和短语

desert island 荒岛

unrealistic adj. 不真实

paradise n. 天堂，乐士

wretched adj. 可怜的，艰苦的

starve v. 挨饿

element n. 成分

opportunity n. 机会

coral n. 珊瑚

Virgin Islands 维尔京群岛

Miami n. 迈阿密（美国最南的城市）

dinghy n. 救生筏，小船

Caribbean n. 加勒比海

spear gun 捕鱼枪

lobster n. 龙虾

tanker n. 油轮

genuinely adv. 由衷地

Robinson Crusoe 鲁滨孙.克鲁索（小说《鲁滨孙漂流记》主人公）

参考译文

我们许多人对于荒岛生活有一种不切实际的想法。我们有时想象荒岛是阳光终日普照的天堂。在那里，生活简单又美好。成熟的水果从树上掉下来，人们根本无需劳动。另一种想法恰恰相反，认为荒岛生活很可怕，要么饿死，要么像鲁滨孙那样，天天盼船来，却总没见船影。也许，这两种都像都有可信之处。但很少有人能有机会去弄个究竟。 最近有两个人在一座珊瑚岛上呆了5天，他们真希望在那儿再多呆一些日子。他们驾着一条严重损坏的小船从维尔京群岛阿密修理。途中，船开始下沉，他们迅速把食物、火柴、罐装啤酒往一只救生筏上装。然后在加勒比海上划行了几英里，到了一座珊瑚岛上。岛上几乎没有一颗树，也没有淡水，但这不算什么问题。他们用像皮艇蓄积雨水。由于他们随身带了一支捕鱼枪，因此，吃饭不愁。他们天天捕捉龙虾和鱼，正如其中一位所说，吃得“像国王一样好”。5天后，一条油轮从那儿路过，搭救了他们。这二位不得不离开那个荒岛时，还真的感到遗憾呢！

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★desert island 荒岛 desert: 沙漠　背弃，遗弃 dessert: 甜点

★unrealistic adj. 不真实

★paradise n. 天堂，乐士 A lot of people imagine the USA as their paradise. heaven: 天堂，天国，也指死亡

★wretched adj. 可怜的，艰苦的 miserable lead a wretched/miserable/terrible life

★starve v. 挨饿 starve to death

★element n. 成分

★opportunity n. 机会 golden opportunity Opportunity knocks only once. chance: 表机会时可以与opportunity互换，表可能性时则不可 There is a chance that I will see him The chances are that he will be elected the president. +of,to

★coral n. 珊瑚

★Virgin Islands 维尔京群岛

★Miami n. 迈阿密（美国最南的城市）

★dinghy n. 救生筏，小船

★Caribbean n. 加勒比海

★spear gun 捕鱼枪

★lobster n. 龙虾

★tanker n. 油轮

★genuinely adv. 由衷地 He is genuinely thankful to me genuine(adj.) (n.)genuineness

★Robinson Crusoe 鲁滨孙.克鲁索（小说《鲁滨孙漂流记》主人公） 荒岛生活

青瓜琼子

Lesson 12

【课文讲解】

form an unrealistic picture of sth.: 对……抱有不切实际的幻想 A large number of people have formed an unrealistic picture of the job.

imagine sth.to be./imagine sth.as

quite the opposite: 恰恰相反

Either you or I am going to the party. 谓语动词和最接近的主语保持一致

an element of truth: a bit of truth

optimistic: 乐观的 pessimistic: 消极的，悲观的

wish在谓语动词，其后的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气 虚拟语气的结构形式取决于所表达的实际情况 　如果表达对现在的遗憾或现在相反的情况，that从句中的动词要采用过去时，be 动词要用were 如果表达对过去的遗憾或过去相反的情况，that从句中的动词要采用过去完成时 I wish I hadn't spent so much money. I wish that you had written to him 如果表达与将来事实相反的情况或将来不可能实现的心愿，that从句中要使用would ,could 等情态动词的过去时 　I wish that I could go abroad tomorrow. I wish that you could come here tomorrow if only要比wish更富有戏剧性和感情色彩 If only the weather would change. I wish the weather would change. We wish that we knew where to look for him. If only we knew where to look for him. If only we could have gone to the party. If only you hadn't said that. If only you would come here tommorrow.

have sth.repaired

load with: 把……装载到……上 The workers are loading the truck with goods. unload: 卸

hardly any: very little/few Hardly anybody likes him because he is so rude. You hardly eat anything,what's wrong?

prove to be=turn out to be

put: express

If only we could have stayed on the desert island a little bit longer.

【Special difficulties】

wish,if only; (1) ...had bought it... 显然说明的是过去的情况　"was"

(2) ...couldn't/wouldn't make such noise...

(3) ...were here... 强调“他在这儿，该有多好” 　　运用be动词，说明现在情况相反的概念 　　无论什么人称，be动词应该使用were

(4) ...could play the piano as well...

(5) ...had studied hard then... "studied" ---过去式

(6) ...hadn't mentioned it to him... "mentioned" -- 过去式

【Multiple choice questions】

(1) ...C... 要么是过度乐观，要么是过度的悲观

(2) ...d... essential = very necessary 绝对必要的，必不可缺的

(3) ...a... fend for oneself: 独立的照料某人 　　虚拟语气

(4) ...b... think of sb./sth.as: 把某人、某事看作为...

(5) ...d... "few of us": 我们当中，没有几个人

(6) ...c... after介词，其后要和名词、动名词搭配 and前后连接的并列成分，时态是应该相呼应的。 "They quickly loaded a small rubber dinghy with food,matches,and cans of beer and rowed for a few miles across the Caribean until they arrived at tiny coral island" 一般过去时的形式 after引导的时间状语从句，表示动作在前

(7) ...c... 　　在表示类指概念的时候，可以采用名词的复数形式；或者运用名词的单数形式，注意冠词的修饰。　(a tree,the tree) Refrigerators are useful.== A refrigerator is useful.

(8) ...c... 为做过的事情后悔：regret + 动名词

(9) ...b... inhabited: 有人居住的 uninhabited：无人居住的 unpopular：不流行的 barren: 贫瘠的

(10) ...d... 完全不同的

(11) ...d... "this did not prove to be a problem" 觉得、发现某人或某事怎么样：find sb./sth. to be They found the trip to be interesting/very exciting. 某人或某事被发现怎么样　……常用被动语态 　　　　The car is found to be beautiful. demonstrate: 论证，表明，举行，示威

(12) ...a... 　　"as one of them put it"

青瓜琼子

Lesson 13 "It's only me' “是我，别害怕” Listen to the tape then answer the question below. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 What did the man expect to find under the stairs?

After her husband had gone to work. Mrs. Richards sent her children to school and went upstairs to her bedroom. She was too excited to do any housework that morning, for in the evening she would be going to a fancy-dress part with her husband. She intended to dress up as a ghost and as she had made her costume the night before, she was impatient to try it on. Though the costume consisted only of a sheet, it was very effective. After putting it on, Mrs. Richards went downstairs. She wanted to find out whether it would be comfortable to wear. Just as Mrs. Richards was entering the dinning room, there was a knock on the front door. She knew that it must be the baker. She had told him to come straight in if ever she failed to open the door and to leave the bread on the kitchen table. Not wanting to frighten the poor man, Mrs. Richards quickly hid in the small storeroom under the stairs. She heard the front door open and heavy footsteps in the hall. Suddenly the door of the storeroom was opened and a man entered. Mrs. Richards realized that it must be the man from the Electricity Board who had come to read the metre. She tried to explain the situation, saying 'It's only me', but it was too late. The man let out cry and jumped back several paces. When Mrs. Richards walked towards him, he fled, slamming the door behind him.

New words and expressions 生词和短语

costume n. 化装服

consist v. 由……组成

sheet n. 被单

effective adj. 有明显效果的，有作用的

metre n. 电表

pace n. 一步

lee (fled, fled) v. 逃走

slam v. 砰地关上

参考译文

理查兹夫人等丈夫上班走后，把孩子送去上学，然后来到楼上自己的卧室。那天上午，她兴奋得什么家务活都不想做，因为晚上她要同丈夫一起参加一个化装舞会。她打算装扮成鬼的模样。头天晚上她已把化装服做好，这时她急于想试试。尽管化装服仅由一个被单制成，却十分逼真。理查兹夫人穿上化装服后下了楼，想看穿起来是否舒服。 理查兹夫人刚刚走进餐厅，前门就传来敲门声。她知道来了一定面包师。她曾告诉过面包师，如果她不去开门，他可直接进门，把面包放在厨房的桌上。理查兹夫人不想吓唬这个可怜人，便赶紧躲到了楼梯下的小储藏室里。她听见前门被打开，走廊里响起重重的脚步声。突然贮藏门开了，一个男人走了进来。理查兹夫人这才想到一定是供电局来人查电表了。她说了声“是我，别怕！”然后想进行一番解释，但已来不及了。那人大叫了一声，惊退了几步。理查兹夫人朝他走去，只见他“砰”的一声关上门逃走了。

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★costume n. 化装服 costume ball: 化妆舞会 costume party: fancy(dress) party suit: 西装，西服 dress: 裙子

★consist v. 由……组成 consist of...(表示被动概念） == be made up of == comprise……整体由部分所构成

be composed of ---强调有什么成分所组成 Water is composed of oxygen and hydrogen

constitute ---- 由部分构成整体 G.B and Northern Ireland constitute The United Kingdom.

The committee consists of 10 members. = Ten members constitute the committee.

Our class consists of 100 students. == Our class is made up of more than 100 students. The United Kingdom consists of G.B and Northern Ireland. == The United Kingdom comprises G.B and Northern Ireland. The house consists of six rooms.

★sheet n. 被单

★effective adj. 有明显效果的，有作用的 The costume is quite effective. His words was effective. influential: 有潜移默化影响力的 What our parents do is influential to children. efficacious: (医药）有效的，灵验的 　The drug is efficaious fruitful: 有成效的 　Their experiment is fruitful.

★comfortable adj. 舒适的 反义词：uncomfortable comfort:(n)舒适 (a.)安慰 discomfort:(n.)不舒适 In spite of discomforts he is determined to stay here.

★storeroom n. 储藏室 　 　　 ★electricity n. 电

★metre n. 电表

★pace n. 一步

★flee (fled, fled) v. 逃走 flee:(vt./vi.)(总称）泛泛强调逃离危险的禁地 escape: 逃出监狱，逃出牢笼 (vt.)逃掉，逃出 The people fled in panic when the bull got loose. He was able to escape from the house. I am sorry your name escaped me. They tried to escape death.

★slam v. 砰地关上 slam the door 同义词：bang

青瓜琼子

【课文讲解】

too ... to：太...而不能 不定式to,在大部分情况下，表示否定概念 not/never too ... t 并不太...所以能够 　One is never too old to learn 活到老，学到老。 　The question is not too difficult for me to answer. 如果在副词too前发现修饰语all,but,only,不定式to的概念也是肯定的。 　They are all too satisfied to work with you. I am only too glad to have someone to speak to. He was but too eager to get home.

fancy-dress paty = costume party

intended to = mean t有什么打算，意图

dress up as: 化妆成为

the night before: 前一个晚上（以过去的某一个时间为基准点) last night: 昨天晚上（以现在为基准点） 　The night before she got everything ready.

she was impatient(eager,anxious) to try it on. be impatient to do sth: 急于要做某事，迫不及待 =eager,anxious,hungry,thirsty,desperate,can't wait(口语）

try on :试穿

After putting it on: 穿上以后

动词不定式to wear,用来修饰说明comfortable,作它的状语 The book is difficult to read. The dress is easy to wash. Your handwriting is easy to recognize. It would be comfortable(for her)to wear It is easy for me to read 主动形式——表达被动概念 The music is sweet to hear. The machine needs repairing. "需要．．．＂被动概念，用：need,want和动名词形式直接搭配 The dictionary is worth buying. The book is worth reading. The house is under construction The puma is under control The problem is under discussion The thief is under arrest. 介词under表达被动的意味 The airport came into use again. came into use: 不及物动词短语 Our time has already gone to use.(浪费掉，付诸东流)

She is respectable person.(被尊敬的人) -able 形容词后缀，跟在动词后表达＂能够被...的＂ This is a returnable bottle. "由...所组成": consist of,comprise本身表达被动概念，结构形式为主动

there was a knock on the front door: 有人敲门

come in :进来 straight: 直接地，径直地

if even --- ever 用于条件句，表示任何时候，任何场合 ＝when ever If ever you see George give him my best regards. When ever he is in trouble I'll be on the spot.

Not wanting ……分词的否定结构形式，做原因状语 多用于句首；也可插入句中，主谓之间 Not wanting to make her nervous,the doctor didn't fully explain the seriousness of condition. = The doctor,not wanting to make her nervous,didn't fully explain the seriousness of her condition.

read the metre; 查电表

saying……现在分词做伴随状语

let out a cry: 大叫了一声 ＝utter/give a cry

jump back several paces 后退了好几步

slamming……现在分词作方式状语或伴随状语，说明fled的情况

【Special difficulties】

wear 形容词＋动词不定式 He was delighted to learn that... I was glad to hear that... He was anxious to leave... 感情形容词后的不定式通常是表示原因，在句中做原因状语 happy;relieved;astonished;amazed;surprised;horrified; disappointed;sad;embarrassed;shocked

He was frightened when he saw the snake He was frightened to see the snake.

I was sorry when I learnt that... I was sorry to learn that...

不定式也可以放在表语之后，主语是不定式的实际宾语 The car is hard to park Some questions are awkward to answer.

在少数几个动词后，可用作结果不定式 learn;find;see;hear;be told He lived to see his inventions come to success. He woke up to find everyone gone. He went to his house only to find him out.

在不定式前加only，表示意想不到的，出乎意料的结果 He hurried to the post office only to find it was shut(closed)

【Multiple choice questions】

1...because...D She wanted to know whether that costume was comfortable to wear.

2...because...C take sb.in 使某人信以为真，让某人上当 disguise伪装 At that moment,she was dressed up as a ghost.She didn't want to frighten the poor man,She hid as quickly as possible in the small storeroom under the stairs.

3...hoped...C

Key structure

4...C and前后连接时态要呼应，表示并列关系

5...B how修饰限定形容词 At that moment,she hadn't put on the costume.

6...B ...not wanting to frighten the poor man. 动词不定式的否定形式是在动词不定式符号之前直接加否定词not,never anxious形容词做原因状语

7...B 强调过去的一个动作

8...C see sb.do sth看见某人做某事 做宾语补足语时，不定式符号to被省略

9...A at the very moment 就在此刻 as long as/so long as 用来引导条件句，表示只要 You can go out as long as you pormise to be back before 11 o'clock only when 引导时间状语从句

10...D miss+动名词，表示错过做什么事情 I don't want to miss seeing that film on television tongight forgot to do sth表示忘记去做某事 Yesterday ,I forgot to lock the door. succeed in doing sth.表示成功做了某事

if..happen to...表示某事偶然发生 If you happen to pass the baker's,pick me up a brown loaf,would you? If you happen to finish the work early give me a ring.

11...A reading 表示仪表或者仪器上的指数、读数 What are the temperature readings for the week?

take a metre-reading 读电表上的数字 measurement 测量尺寸、大小调节稳定 What's your waist measurement? regulation 调节；regulation of body heat体温调节

12...B let out 发出；give shout 高呼，高喊；有目的的 shout to sb 对某人高声喊 shout at sb.对某人大喊大叫 Don't shout at the elders.

青瓜琼子

Lesson 14 A noble gangster 贵族歹徒 Listen to the tape then answer the question below. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 How did Haywood make in times of peace?

There was a tine when the owners of shops and businesses in Chicago that to pay large sums of money to gangsters in return for 'protection.' If the money was not paid promptly, the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by destroying his shop. Obtaining 'protection money' is not a modern crime. As long ago as the fourteenth century, an Englishman, Sir John Hawkwood, made the remarkable discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters. Six hundred years ago, Sir Johan Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a band of soldiers and settled near Florence. He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto. Whenever the Italian city-states were at war with each other, Hawkwood used to hire his soldiers to princes who were willing to pay the high price he demanded. In times of peace, when business was bad, Hawkwood and his men would march into a city-state and, after burning down a few farms, would offer to go away protection money was paid to them. Hawkwood made large sums of money in this way. In spite of this, the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero. When he died at the age of eighty, the Florentines gave him a state funeral and had a pictured with as dedicated to the memory of 'the most valiant soldier and most notable leader, Signor Giovanni Haukodue.'

New words and expressions 生词和短语

gangster n. 歹徒,强盗

Chicago n. 芝加哥(美国城市)

protection n. 保护

promptly adv. 准时地

destroy v. 毁掉;消灭

remarkable adj. 不寻常的

hand n. 帮,团伙

Florence n. 佛罗伦萨(意大利城市)

city-state n. (古代)城邦

hire v. 租出,雇给

prince n. 君主,诸候

Florentine n. 佛罗伦萨人

funeral n. 葬礼

dedicate v. 奉献,题献给

memory n. 纪念

valiant adj. 英勇的

参考译文

曾经有一个时期,芝加哥的店主和商行的老板们不得不拿出大笔的钱给歹徒以换取"保护"。如果交款不及时,歹徒们就会很快捣毁他的商店,让他破产.榨取"保护金"并不是一种现代的罪恶行径.早在14世纪,英国人约翰.霍克伍德就有过非凡的发现:"人们情愿拿出大笔的钱,也不愿毕生的心血毁于歹徒之手. 600年前,约翰.霍克伍德爵士带着一队士兵来到意大利,在佛罗伦萨附近驻扎下来,很快就出了名.意大利人叫他乔凡尼.阿库托.每次意大利各城邦之间打伏,霍克伍德把他的士兵雇佣给愿给他出高价的君主。和平时期,当生意萧条时,霍克伍德便带领士兵进入某个城邦,纵火烧毁一两个农场,然后提出,如向他们缴纳保护金,他们便主动撤离。霍克伍德用这种方法挣了大笔钱.尽管如此,意大利人还是把他视作某种英雄。他80岁那年死去时,佛罗伦萨人为他举行了国葬,并为他画像以纪念这位"骁勇无比的战士、杰出的领袖乔凡尼.阿库托先生."

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★gangster n. 歹徒,强盗 a band of gangsters 一伙强盗 robber 抢劫犯，抢劫者；bandit强盗，土匪 brigand 强盗，土匪，盗贼，草寇；书面用语 hooligan 流氓，不良分子 hoodlum 罪犯，恶汉；口语 rascal 淘气，捣蛋鬼；口语

★Chicago n. 芝加哥(美国城市)

★protection n. 保护 protection money 保护费 protect v.: protect from We must protect our eyes from the sunshine. protective adj. 保护的 protector n. 保护者 protege n. 被保护者

★promptly adv. 准时地 I give him a ring and he call me back promptly He was so sleepy that he went to sleep promptly. on time 准时／in time 及时 punctually adv. 守时地 ★destroy v. 毁掉;消灭 destroy n. 强盗毁灭，消灭，完全的摧毁 The earthquake destroyed the city./You destroyed his dream. damage n. v.强调受损程度不很严重，可以被修复 The big clock was damaged. break v.n. 强调弄坏，弄断 Two of the strings were broken. spoil v. 强调把事情搅和了 spoil the party; spoil the holiday

★remarkable adj. 不寻常的 remarkable adj.: unusual; uncommon; extraordinary a remarkable event 不同寻常的事件；an extraordinary event outstanding adj.突出的，杰出的，卓越的 Our headmaster is an outstanding youth. distinguished adj. 杰出的，卓越的，不同非凡的 eminent adj. 显赫的，杰出的，有名的，优良的 a distinguished physicist; an eminent surgeon; an eminent judge a distinguished layer well-known adj. 强调众所周知的 famous adj. 因卓越的贡献和成绩而流芳百世的 She is well-known in the musical world/This is well-known fact. He is a famous moviestar./ Luxun is famous for his articles. notorious adj. 臭明昭著的，臭名远扬的；be famous for bad things Hitler is notorious. infamous adj. 身名狼藉的 renowned adj. 某人或某事以其独特的品质、个性而闻名 Hangzhou is renowned for...

★hand n. 帮,团伙 a band of robbers 一伙强盗 mob n. 表示贬义色彩的团伙、帮派；a mob of hooligans 一伙流氓 gang n. 一伙；a gang of thieves nest n. 窝；a nest of bandits pack n. 团伙、帮派；a pack of hoodlums

★Florence n. 佛罗伦萨(意大利城市)

★city-state n. (古代)城邦

★hire v. 租出,雇给 hire;rent;let;employ hire out; rent out 租给 Does this firm hire out cars? rent out 租给，雇给；主要强调出租房屋 He rent out his house to a tourist. let 出租房屋；let his house/Please let your house to me. hire from; rent hrom 租进来 He hired a car from us/ I rent a room from Mrs.Johnson. hire 指短期雇佣体力劳动者 employ 指长期雇佣或聘用脑力劳动者 We employed her as our advisor. The factory employed 500 workers. He hired two helpers

★prince n. 君主,诸候

★Florentine n. 佛罗伦萨人

★funeral n. 葬礼

★dedicate v. 奉献,题献给 dedicate to He dedicated his first book to his mother dedicate 献身，奉献；比devote更为正式而庄重 I devote my time to helping my students. He dedicates his life to his motherland. He dedicated his life to science.

★memory n. 纪念 You have a good memory in memory of/to the memory of If my memory serves me well,you're Tom.

★valiant adj. 英勇的 brave adj. 勇敢的 The boy is brave. During war,soldiers are valiant. fearless adj. 大无畏的，无所畏惧的 We are fearless in time of danger. courageous adj. 有胆量的，有勇气的

青瓜琼子

Lesson 14

【课文讲解】

pay large sums of money to sb.　向某人付大笔大笔的费用 in return for 目的是为了换取----作为对……的回报 Eg.: He gave me some books in return for my help. when 引导状语从句修饰time There was a time when mini skirt was in fashion.

promptly: immediately put a man out of business: 使某人失业 put sb./sth.out of...使某人失去…… Eg.: You are putting me out of patience. Eg.: You have already put everything out of order.

put it out of your mind 忘记这件事情吧 by destroying his shop 通过……手段 Eg.: You are putting me out of patience by disturbing me.

obtaining... obtaining: getting

as long ago as 追溯回到；　dating back to Eg.: I knew Jane as long ago as the year 1980.

John Hawkwood's discovery was quite remarkable make the remarkable discovery 做出不同寻常的发现 would rather ...than...宁愿而不 Eg.: He would rather die than surrender. Eg.: I would rather play tennis than swim.

would prefer to do ... than do... would prefer doing ... to doing... Eg.: He would prefer to die than surrender. Eg.: He would prefer dying to surrendering.

would rather: sooner+ that 宾语从句（过去式） Eg.: I would rather that you were not here. Eg.: I would rather that I didn't see you. Eg.: He would rather that he didn't hear the news.

life work 毕生的事业 Eg.: I want to have the tree cut down.

Six hundred years ago... settled near Florence 定居在 Florence 附近

made a name for himself: become famous Eg.: They soon made quite a name for themselves as pop singers.

come to/get to 渐渐的 come to be known 渐渐被人所熟知 Eg.: I come to be known to my students. Eg.: I got to know him

whenever 无论什么时候 at war 交战；　at war with 于……交战

hire 表示出租 who 指代prince he demanded: Hawkwood demanded

in time of peace 在和平期间

march into 大踏步行军 burn down 烧毁/burn up 烧光／burn out 烧空 would offer to go away: would promise to go away The house was burned out only...

in spite of this 尽管如此 People in different countries have different opinions. Eg.: the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero.

give sb.a state funeral 给某人举行国葬 have sth.done Signor 意大利语，先生 which 指代picture be dedicated to the memory of sb. the most valiant 比较级的最高级形式

【Special difficulties】

would rather,would sooner: would rather do than do would rather that (that宾语从句中要出现动词的过去时)

(1)...go... (2)...left... 省略了that (3)...did not speak... (4)...not speak... 否定形式结构："宁愿不做...＂would rather not do (5)...settled... (6)...didn't tell...

【Multiple choice questions】

(1)...b... premises: 房产 　 unharmed替代原文的destroy

(2)...b... 他获取自己的名字是依据自己的所作所为

(3)...a... in that=because "因为",表示一种原因

(4)...a... 段时间——for a long time（现在完成式）

(5)...c... prefer doing + to + 动名词

(6)...b... hire: 从某人租得某物

(7)...a... if not: 如果不＝unless provided---条件是...

(8)...c... 介词on和名词death相搭配，表示去世的状态 介词on和动名词搭配，表示一个动作。＂一...就...＂ 　on seeing him,I ran away.

(9)...b... 动词的过去分词

(10)..d... prepared: 心甘情愿的（=willing） 　　be willing to do,be prepared to do agreeable: 宜人的，惬意的 　　desirable: 吸引人的（＝attractive）

(12)...c...

青瓜琼子

Lesson 15 Fifty pence worth of trouble 五十便士的麻烦 Listen to the tape then answer the question below. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 Did George get anything for his fifty pence? What?

Children always appreciate small gifts of money. Mum or dad, of course, provide a regular supply of pocket money, but uncles and ants are always a source of extra income. With some children, small sums go a long way. If fifty pence pieces are not exchanged for sweets, they rattle for months inside money boxes. Only very thrifty children manage to fill up a money box. For most of them, fifty pence is a small price to pay for a nice big bar of chocolate. My nephew, George, has a money box but it is always empty. Very few of the fifty pence pieces and pound coins I have given him have found their way there. I gave him fifty pence yesterday and advised him to save it. Instead he bought himself fifty pence worth of trouble. On his way to the sweet shop, he dropped his fifty pence and it bounced along the pavement and then disappeared down a drain. George took off his jacket, rolled up his sleeves and pushed is right arm through the drain cover. He could not find his fifty pence piece anywhere, and what is more, he could no get his arm out. A crowd of people gathered round him and a lady rubbed his arm with soap and butter, but George was firmly stuck. The fire brigade was called and two fire fighter freed George using a special type of grease. George was not too upset by his experience because the lady who owns the sweet shop heard about his troubles and rewarded him with large box of chocolates.

New words and expressions 生词和短语

appreciate v. 欣赏，感激

pocket money 零用钱

thrifty adj. 节约的

nephew n. 侄子，外甥

bounce v. 弹起，跳起

pavement n. 人行道

stick (stuck, stuck) v. 卡住，夹住，不能再动

brigade n. 旅，（消防）队

grease n. 润滑油

参考译文

孩子们总是喜欢得到一些零花钱。爸爸妈妈当然经常给孩子零花钱，但是，叔舅婶姨也是孩子们额外收入来源。对于有些孩子来说，少量的钱可以花很长一段时间。如果50便士不拿来换糖吃，则可以放在储蓄罐里叮当响上好几月。但是能把储蓄罐装满的只有屈指可数的几个特别节俭的孩子。对大部分孩子来说，用50便士来买一大块好的巧克力，是算不了什么的。 我的外甥乔治有一个储蓄罐，但总是空空的。我给了不少50便士的硬币，但没有几个存到储蓄罐里。昨天，我给了他50便士让存起来，却拿这钱给自己买了50便士的麻烦。在他去糖果店的路上，50便士掉在地上，在人行道上跳了几下，掉进了阴沟里。乔治脱掉外套，卷起袖子，将右胳膊伸进了阴沟盖。但他摸了半天也没找到那50便士硬币，他的胳膊反倒退不出来了。这时在他周围上了许多人，一位女士在乔治胳膊上抹了肥皂，黄油，但乔治的胳膊仍然卡得紧紧的。有人打电话叫来消防队，两位消防队员使用了一种特殊的润滑剂才使乔治得以解脱。不过，此事并没使乔治过于伤心，因为糖果店老板娘听说了他遇到的麻烦后，赏给他一大盒巧克力。

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★appreciate v. 欣赏，感激 The poem is too difficult for me to appreciate. I appreciate your help. = be thankful/grateful to sb.

★pocket money 零用钱 beer money: 留给丈夫的零花钱 mad money: 女子留作应急之用的私房钱 green money: 美金 soft/folding money: 纸币，钞票 hard money: 硬币

★thrifty adj. 节约的 同义词：economical,frugal

★nephew n. 侄子，外甥

★bounce v. 弹起，跳起 The coin was bounced. 同义词：jump(跳跃),leap(跃),hop(单足跳),spring(弹跳；n.弹簧), skip(跳跃；略过)

★pavement n. 人行道

★stick (stuck, stuck) v. 卡住，夹住，不能再动 stick: 不能跳跃，卡住；坚持、粘贴 You must stick to your idea. Stick the stamp on the envelop. stick with: 忠实于...（＝be faithful to) His arm was stuck.

★brigade n. 旅，（消防）队 fire brigade;消防队 ＝fire department =fire station

★grease n. 润滑油